Low Temperature Heat Recovery and Distribution Network Technologies (LoT-NET)

Lot-NET考虑了来自工业或其他来源的废热流如何进入低温热网，与最佳热泵和蓄热技术相结合，以满足英国建筑和工业过程的供暖和制冷需求。供暖和制冷产生的二氧化碳排放量占英国总排放量的三分之一以上，约占总能源需求的50%。BEIS得出的结论是，到2050年，热网可以提供高达20%的建筑供热需求。热力网络以前使用高温热水为建筑物和工艺提供服务，但现在第四代热力网络寻求使用更低的温度，以提供更多的热源并减少损失。Lot-NET将进一步将低温（LT）网络与热泵技术和储热相结合，以最大限度地利用废物和环境热。将LT热网与热泵结合使用有几个优点：-它们可以再利用目前在城市环境中从各种来源浪费的热量，例如数据中心，污水，变电站变压器，低品位工业废热。-使用点的小型热泵可以以最少的电力使用和对电网的有害影响来提高散热器的温度。-工业高温废弃物可以通过热热泵“成倍”增加进入低温管网的能量。—通过在较低温度下运行热网，减少系统损耗。热源的可用性通常与时间有关。Lot-NET将克服时间变化以及如何应用智能控制和实施策略的挑战。将纳入蓄热，以降低电网的峰值负荷。LT热网的广泛使用将需要适当的监管来支持企业和客户，Lot-NET将需要通知并了解此类监管变化。最初财政投资的障碍得到了北韩支助和援助方案的支持，但商业方面对实施仍然至关重要。因此，LoT-NET的目标是证明一种具有成本效益的近零排放的供暖和制冷解决方案，通过利用低成本、低损耗的灵活热分配网络与新颖的输入、输出和存储技术相结合，实现废热和可再生能源的巨大潜力。目标是：1。开发一种时空模拟工具，能够处理不同温度热源、分配网络、存储和交付技术的整个系统的动态、规模效应、效率、成本等，并将适用于城市、郊区和远郊地区。确定满足系统能源、环境和成本限制的热捕获、储存和分配技术的首选组合。将发展诸如化学热传递、热电联产和热电联产等相变技术。在头2 - 3年内设计、成本和验证7种能源转换技术的概念原型（视情况而定）。它们由电力驱动的蒸汽压缩和热驱动的吸附技术组成。进一步的发展将优先考虑那些在未来可能有好处的项目。确定关键的最终用途和业务/行业需求，以便及时采用。虽然清洁增长战略和工业战略挑战基金最初支持未来的实施，但创新的商业模式将迅速降低客户想要购买和使用的产品或服务的成本。因此，将与涉众和最终用户进行接触，以提供可能的业务主张的证据。5. 演示/验证适用于选定案例研究的集成技术。研究的加热、冷却、转化和储存技术范围将分别在实验室与模拟网络相互作用进行测试

Lot-NET considers how waste heat streams from industrial or other sources feeding into low temperature heat networks can combine with optimal heat pump and thermal storage technologies to meet the heating and cooling needs of UK buildings and industrial processes. Heating and cooling produces more than one third of the UK's CO2 emissions and represent about 50% of overall energy demand. BEIS have concluded that heat networks could supply up to 20% of building heat demand by 2050. Heat networks have previously used high temperature hot water to serve buildings and processes but now 4th generation networks seek to use much lower temperatures to make more sources available and reduce losses. Lot-NET will go further by integrating low temperature (LT) networks with heat pump technologies and thermal storage to maximise waste and ambient heat utilisation. There are several advantages of using LT heat networks combined with heat pumps:- They can reuse heat currently wasted from a wide variety of sources in urban environments, e.g. data centres, sewage, substation transformers, low grade industrial reject heat.- Small heat pumps at point of use can upgrade temperature for radiators with minimal electricity use and deleterious effect on the electricity grid.- Industrial high temperature waste can be 'multiplied' by thermal heat pumps increasing the energy into the LT network.- By operating the heat network at lower temperatures, system losses are reduced.Heat source availability is often time dependant. Lot-NET will overcome the challenges of time variation and how to apply smart control and implementation strategies. Thermal storage will be incorporated to reduce the peak loads on electricity networks. The wider use of LT heat networks will require appropriate regulation to support both businesses and customers and Lot-NET will both need to inform and be aware of such regulatory changes. The barrier of initial financial investment is supported by BEIS HNIP but the commercial aspects are still crucial to implementation. Thus, the aim of LoT-NET is to prove a cost-effective near-zero emissions solution for heating and cooling that realises the huge potential of waste heat and renewable energies by utilising a combination of a low-cost low-loss flexible heat distribution network together with novel input, output and storage technologies. The objectives are:1. To develop a spatial and temporal simulation tool that can cope with dynamics, scale effects, efficiency, cost, etc. of the whole system of differing temperature heat sources, distribution network, storage and delivery technologies and will address Urban, Suburban and Exurban areas.2. To determine the preferred combination of heat capture, storage and distribution technologies that meets system energy, environmental and cost constraints. Step change technologies such a chemical heat transport and combined heat-to-power and power-to-heat technologies will be developed.3. To design, cost and proof of concept prototype (as appropriate) seven energy transformation technologies in the first two-three years. They consist of both electrically driven Vapour Compression and heat driven Sorption technologies. Priority for further development will be then given to those which have likely future benefits.4. To determine key end use and business/industry requirements for timely adoption. While the Clean Growth Strategy and the Industrial Strategy Challenge Fund initially support future implementation, innovative business models will reduce costs rapidly for products or services that customers want to buy and use. Thus, engagement with stakeholders and end users to provide evidence of possible business propositions will occur. 5. To demonstrate/validate the integrated technologies applicable to chosen case studies. The range of heating, cooling, transformation and storage technologies studied will be individually laboratory tested interacting with a simulated netw