Affordable Air Quality Monitoring for Improved Air Quality Management in West Africa

经济实惠的空气质量监测，改善西非的空气质量管理

• 批准号: EP/T015373/1
• 负责人: Colin Brown
• 金额: $ 86.81万
• 依托单位: University of York
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2019 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=EP%2FT015373%2F1
• 关键词: Affordable; Air; Quality; Monitoring; Improved

Poor air quality damages the lives and livelihoods of millions of people and is predicted by the World Health Organisation (WHO) to become the world's largest cause of preventable death by 2030. Those living in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) and cities are particularly affected, both through short-term acute effects and an accumulated life-long reduction in quality of life and health. There is a major opportunity to co-design and co-produce a highly fault-tolerant system for air pollution measurement, that is fully open-source, and built from easily available low cost and off-the-shelf components. The ambition is that this approach would be scale-able and could be sustained in LMICs by in-country practitioners at modest cost, long-term. New measurements can then be coupled to integrated assessment models developed by in-country agencies with our support to enhance their decision-making capacity on air pollution mitigation. This modelling will use a tool developed by project partners in the University. This new innovation for monitoring and modelling, can catalyse action and support long-term beneficial change, initially in our early adopter partner countries, and then applied to other LMICs.Recent research from the University of York's Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories (WACL) has developed a low power, highly fault tolerant technology based on the clustering of multiple low-cost air pollution sensors to provide high quality measurements of target air pollutants. This approach exploits the simplicity, modest cost and high reliability of state-of-the-art sensors and electronics, but significantly improves the quality of data collected. The real-world use of sensor technologies has been slowed due to issues relating to poor individual sensor data quality. York have developed a technology that uses multiple sensors of the same type to solve the two key outstanding barriers to application in LMICs, that of sensor-to-sensor variability and unexpected sensor failure. The aim is to enable a self-supporting user community that can build and fix its own instruments and help improve on our initial designs. This approach differs fundamentally from the prevailing paradigm of a top-down commercial services model which has for many years failed to function in LMICs.The Stockholm Environment Institute centre (SEI) in the Department of Environment and Geography at the University of York has been working with the Ministries of Environment in Togo and Cote d'Ivoire and the Ghana Environment Protection Agency, and the University of Lomé, Togo and Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny in Cote D'Ivoire to develop national models using LEAP-IBC (developed by SEI), to support national low-emission planning. We will build on this work applying LEAP-IBC to Lomé, Abidjan, Accra, and another Ghanaian city (e.g. Kumasi) where no such tool is available, and there is limited or no regular monitoring. This will allow them to develop emission inventories of key air pollutants, baseline and mitigation emission projections, and to estimate the resulting concentrations of PM2.5 and the associated human health impacts. We will work with local academics and planners to support the development of the analysis, guiding them through the data collection, model design, model validation and extraction of results. Working with the University of Colorado and WACL, we will further develop the GEOS-Chem Adjoint model inputs to LEAP-IBC that converts emissions in LEAP-IBC to concentrations of PM2.5 and ozone in these cities.The inclusion of this modelling, developed by planners in Ghana, Cote d'Ivoire and Togo will also allow for an understanding of how the monitoring and modelling can be mutually beneficial to provide the evidence needed for the further development, implementation and monitoring of air quality plans in these cities and opportunities to achieve ambient air quality standards in cities.

恶劣的空气质量损害了数百万人的生命和生计，据世界卫生组织（WHO）预测，到2030年，空气质量将成为世界上最大的可预防死亡原因。生活在低收入和中等收入国家和城市的人受到的影响尤其严重，既表现为短期急性影响，也表现为生活质量和健康水平的终身累积下降。这是一个重要的机会，共同设计和共同生产一个高度容错的空气污染测量系统，该系统是完全开源的，由容易获得的低成本和现成的组件构建而成。我们的目标是，这种方法将可扩展，并可由国内从业人员以适度的成本在中低收入国家长期维持。然后，可以将新的测量方法与国内机构在我们的支持下开发的综合评估模型相结合，以提高它们在缓解空气污染方面的决策能力。该模型将使用由该大学的项目合作伙伴开发的工具。这种监测和建模方面的新创新可以促进行动并支持长期有益的变革，首先在我们早期采用的伙伴国家，然后应用于其他中低收入国家。约克大学沃尔夫森大气化学实验室（WACL）最近的研究开发了一种低功耗、高容错性的技术，该技术基于多个低成本空气污染传感器的聚类，可以提供目标空气污染物的高质量测量。这种方法利用了最先进的传感器和电子设备的简单性、适度的成本和高可靠性，但显著提高了收集数据的质量。由于单个传感器数据质量差的问题，传感器技术的实际应用已经放缓。York开发了一种使用相同类型的多个传感器的技术，以解决在中低收入国家应用的两个关键突出障碍，即传感器到传感器的可变性和意外的传感器故障。其目的是建立一个自我支持的用户社区，可以构建和修复自己的工具，并帮助改进我们的初始设计。这种方法与自顶向下的商业服务模型的流行范式有根本的不同，这种模式多年来一直未能在中低收入国家中发挥作用。约克大学环境与地学系的斯德哥尔摩环境研究所中心（SEI）一直在与多哥和科特迪瓦环境部、加纳环境保护局、多哥洛梅洛大学和科特迪瓦<s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1>)合作，利用LEAP-IBC （SEI开发）开发国家模式，以支持国家低排放规划。我们将在这项工作的基础上，将LEAP-IBC应用于洛马雷、阿比让、阿克拉和另一个加纳城市（如库马西），这些城市没有这种工具，也没有或只有有限的定期监测。这将使它们能够编制主要空气污染物的排放清单、基线和缓解排放预测，并估计由此产生的PM2.5浓度及其对人类健康的相关影响。我们将与当地学者和规划人员合作，支持分析的发展，指导他们完成数据收集、模型设计、模型验证和结果提取。我们将与科罗拉多大学和WACL合作，进一步为LEAP-IBC开发GEOS-Chem伴随模型输入，将LEAP-IBC的排放量转化为这些城市的PM2.5和臭氧浓度。由加纳、科特迪瓦和多哥的规划者开发的这一模型也将使人们了解监测和建模如何能够互惠互利，为这些城市进一步制定、实施和监测空气质量计划提供所需的证据，并为城市实现环境空气质量标准提供机会。

项目成果

Development of the Low Emissions Analysis Platform - Integrated Benefits Calculator (LEAP-IBC) tool to assess air quality and climate co-benefits: Application for Bangladesh.

• DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106155
• 发表时间: 2020-10
• 期刊: Environment international
• 影响因子: 11.8
• 作者: J. Kuylenstierna;C. Heaps;T. Ahmed;H. Vallack;W. K. Hicks;M. Ashmore;Christopher S. Malley;Guozhong Wang;Binfan Jiang;S. Anenberg;F. Lacey;D. Shindell;Utpal Bhattacharjee;D. Henze