Risk at the Margins (RAM): a blueprint for defragmenting disaster risk reduction with populations at risk

边缘风险 (RAM)：针对面临风险的人群进行减少灾害风险的蓝图

• 批准号: EP/T024747/1
• 负责人: Jennifer Barclay
• 金额: $ 15.58万
• 依托单位: University of East Anglia
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2020 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=EP%2FT024747%2F1
• 关键词: Risk; Margins; RAM; blueprint; defragmenting

The burden of disasters remains grossly unequal: they disproportionately and repeatedly impact the most vulnerable populations in low- and middle- income countries. Thus, we wish to find a way to improve how we address community disaster risk in those contexts. Poor progress in reducing the impacts on lives, livelihoods and sustainable development that natural hazards have on populations in developing countries has been attributed to a weak focus on 'prospective practice' in addressing resilience to multiple hazards. In other words a lack of methods and strategies that allow people to adapt to, cope with or avoid the accumulation of future risk while undergoing sustainable development. Current academic and development practices are largely siloed, which means they focus on individual hazards, or approaches that are either focussed on understanding and warning people about the hazards, or on understanding how communities can be vulnerable and acting to change that. For example, hazard specialists often frame their analysis of risks 'upstream' on the basis of physical drivers rather than 'downstream' on social and environmental impacts. Those whose analysis focuses on vulnerability outcomes can overlook the way that hazards can change and radically reshape the nature of exposure. This fragmentation creates situations where problems and solutions commonly are not effectively aligned, and it becomes much harder for populations at risk to implement strategies that adapt, cope with or avoid future risk (prospective practice). This problem remains despite a growing recognition of the value that interdisciplinary engagement would bring in solving this. We aim to address this by bringing together a wide grouping of GCRF and other related projects to drop the disconnect between scientific-technical solutions to disaster risk and projects that address the fundamental social vulnerabilities (the first stage). We will use this in order to develop methods and strategies that encourage prospective practice (to develop in the second stage). We will use the lens of extensive hazards to address this challenge during the first stage. Extensive hazards (those experienced for long periods or more intensely in smaller geographic areas - e.g. drought, ashfall, landsliding, pollution) can generate negative outcomes that are more damaging to sustainable development than infrequent high cost events, particularly for populations with other vulnerabilities. We think that extensive hazards need a multi-hazard approach to their characterisation and monitoring, and that their mitigation could be considered from the point of view of their impacts on the local populations: they need a joined up approach. We will begin by focussing on three 'design challenges' in places where we understand the social, political and cultural context and have identified projects that could benefit from this joined-up approach. These are in Nepal, St Vincent and Ecuador and, importantly, will be grounded by community groupings in situ. We will evaluate how we answer that and wrap around a broader review of the integration gap and how, why and when it is important to overcome. These processes will create 'a safe space' where we can discuss failures as well as successes and air suspicions arising from different ways of working, experiences or perspectives. We will create new solutions in our focus areas, and synthesise the findings across the project (by working together and the consultation represented in the review). This develops a blueprint for prospective practice that will understand how to: (1) monitor, characterise and mitigate extensive hazard from the perspective of those who experience them; (2) how to situate extensive hazards in the context of everyday risk challenges and policies for sustainable development. We will use this in the second stage project and to inform two new projects that begin during our first stage.

灾害的负担仍然严重不平等：它们对低收入和中等收入国家最脆弱的人口造成不成比例的反复影响。因此，我们希望找到一种方法来改进我们在这些背景下处理社区灾害风险的方式。在减少自然灾害对发展中国家人口的生活、生计和可持续发展造成的影响方面进展不佳的原因是，在应对多种灾害的复原力方面缺乏对“预期实践”的重视。换句话说，缺乏使人们能够适应、应对或避免在经历可持续发展的同时积累未来风险的方法和战略。目前的学术和发展实践在很大程度上是孤立的，这意味着它们侧重于个人危险，或者侧重于了解和警告人们有关危险的方法，或者侧重于了解社区如何脆弱并采取行动改变这一点。例如，风险专家经常把他们对风险的分析建立在物质驱动因素的基础上，而不是基于社会和环境影响的下游。那些把重点放在脆弱性结果上的人可能会忽视危险可以改变的方式，并从根本上重塑暴露的性质。这种分散造成的情况是，问题和解决方案通常不能有效地结合在一起，处于危险中的人群更难实施适应、应对或避免未来风险的战略(前瞻性做法)。尽管越来越多的人认识到跨学科参与将带来解决这个问题的价值，但这个问题仍然存在。我们的目标是通过将GCRF和其他相关项目的广泛分组结合在一起来解决这一问题，以消除灾害风险的科学技术解决方案与解决根本社会脆弱性的项目(第一阶段)之间的脱节。我们将利用这一点来开发鼓励预期实践(在第二阶段发展)的方法和战略。我们将在第一阶段使用广泛危险的镜头来应对这一挑战。广泛的灾害(长期或在较小地理区域发生的更为严重的灾害--例如干旱、灰烬、滑坡、污染)可能产生负面后果，其对可持续发展的破坏性大于不常见的高成本事件，特别是对具有其他脆弱性的人口而言。我们认为，广泛的灾害需要一种多危害的方法来确定其特征和进行监测，并且可以从其对当地人口的影响的角度来考虑其缓解问题：它们需要一种联合的方法。我们将首先关注三个‘设计挑战’，在这些地方，我们了解社会、政治和文化背景，并确定了可以从这种联合方法中受益的项目。这些项目位于尼泊尔、圣文森特和厄瓜多尔，重要的是，这些项目将由原地的社区组织进行扎根。我们将评估如何回答这一问题，并围绕整合差距以及如何、为什么以及何时克服它的重要性进行更广泛的审查。这些过程将创造一个“安全的空间”，我们可以在这里讨论失败和成功，以及来自不同工作方式、经验或观点的怀疑。我们将在我们的重点领域创建新的解决方案，并综合整个项目的结果(通过合作和审查中的咨询)。这为未来的实践制定了蓝图，它将理解如何：(1)从亲历者的角度监测、描述和减轻广泛的危险；(2)如何将广泛的危险置于日常风险挑战和可持续发展政策的背景下。我们将在第二阶段项目中使用它，并通知在我们第一阶段开始的两个新项目。

项目成果

Detailed Cartography of Cotopaxi's 1877 Primary Lahar Deposits Obtained by Drone-Imagery and Field Surveys in the Proximal Northern Drainage

通过无人机图像和近北流域实地调查获得的科托帕希 1877 年原生火山泥浆沉积物的详细制图

• DOI: 10.3390/rs14030631
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Remote Sensing
• 影响因子: 5
• 作者: Andrade S

Working with communities on disaster risk research: Reflections from cross-disciplinary practice

与社区合作开展灾害风险研究：跨学科实践的反思

• DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2022.102815
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction
• 影响因子: 5
• 作者: Few R