Crossing Borders and Costing Livelihoods; The Unbearable Heaviness of Volcanic Ash.

这一建议提供了一个机会，使主要的国际专家聚集在一起，审议火山灰的扩散和影响。从我们现有的一个研究项目（STREVA）中出现的一个关键主题是火山灰在破坏各种规模的生活和生计方面所起的作用：从对国际空中交通的严重破坏，到通过对作物和牲畜造成无法弥补的损害或健康问题而破坏个人生计。另一个（VANAHEIM）正在对火山喷发柱的火山灰装载和随后的扩散提供新的见解。在全球范围内，其他研究人员已经开始系统地研究火山灰沉降对关键基础设施、建筑物、通信、植被、土壤以及人类或动物健康的影响。然而，我们目前还没有完全了解几件事：(i)公里尺度上火山灰扩散的局部差异和区域（跨界）扩散；土壤和植物受到灰浓度影响的阈值和时间；（三）灰在短期和长期尺度上对人类和动物健康的影响；（iv）在严重火山危机期间，火山灰浓度在破坏交通和通信网络方面所起的作用。更重要的是，这些过程对受火山爆发影响的社区的影响在于它们的累积效应和相互作用过程。我们希望通过开发和应用最好的科学方法，来考虑如何更有效地解决这个问题。通过这个国际机会基金，我们将建立一个新的专家团队，开始用多学科的方法解决这些问题，让主要利益相关者和最终用户参与进来，为未来的长期合作铺平道路。我们正在采取“基于问题”的方法来解决这个问题，并将重点放在一个特定的岛屿上，但用它来考虑一般问题。这将有助于我们把重点放在最关键的科学问题上，并为新的研究人员提供一个共同的问题，在这个问题上建立对未来研究需求的分析。从具体地点（圣文森特）获得的资料可以立即应用于灾害规划和区域紧急情况，以应对火山灰的破坏。该项目建立的网络不仅打算报告其与圣文森特有关的发现，而且打算利用这些发现申请研究发现，使不同的专家小组能够在了解、预测和减轻灰落风险方面取得真正的进展。

This proposal identifies an opportunity to bring together leading international experts to consider the dispersal and impacts of volcanic ash.A key theme emerging from one of our existing research project (STREVA) is the role that volcanic ash plays in disrupting lives and livelihoods across all scales: from major disruption of international air traffic to the destruction of individual livelihoods via irreparable damage to crops and livestock or health problems. Another (VANAHEIM) is uncovering new insights into the ash loading and subsequent dispersal from eruptive columns. Globally other researchers have started to systematically examine the impacts of ash fall-out on critical infrastructure, buildings, communication, vegetation, soil and human or animal health However we currently do not fully understand several things: (i) localised variance in ash dispersal on the kilometre scale and regional (cross-border) dispersal; (ii) thresholds and timings of the ways in which soils and plants are impacted by ash concentrations; (iii) the impact of ash on human and animal health over both short and long time-scales; and (iv) the role that ash concentration plays in disrupting transportation and communication networks during an acute volcanic crisis.Even more importantly, the impact of these processes on communities affected by eruptions lies in their cumulative effects and interacting processes. We want to consider how to tackle this more effectively, by developing andapplying the very best scientific approaches.Through this International Opportunities Fund we will establish a new team of experts to start to tackle these problems with a multi-disciplinary approach which engages key stakeholders and end users, and paves the way for future long-term collaborations. We are taking a 'problem-based' approach to this issue and will focus on one particular island, but use it to consider general problems. This will help us to focus on the most critical scientific issues and provide a new group of researchers with a common problem on which to build an analysis of future research need. The information from the specific setting (St. Vincent) can be immediately applied in disaster planning and regional contingencies for ash disruption. The network built by this project intends to not only report on its findings relevant to St. Vincent but to use these to apply for research finding that enables a diverse group of experts to make real progress in understanding, anticipating and mitigating against the risks from ash fall.