Crossing Borders and Costing Livelihoods; The Unbearable Heaviness of Volcanic Ash.

我们现有的一个研究项目(STREVA)中出现的一个关键主题是火山灰在扰乱各种规模的生活和生计方面所起的作用：从严重扰乱国际空中交通到通过对农作物和牲畜造成不可挽回的损害或健康问题而破坏个人生计。另一位(瓦纳海姆)正在发现关于火山灰装载和随后从喷发柱中扩散的新见解。在全球范围内，其他研究人员已经开始系统地研究火山灰落下对关键基础设施、建筑物、通信、植被、土壤和人类或动物健康的影响，但我们目前还不完全了解几件事：(I)火山灰扩散在公里尺度和区域(跨界)扩散上的局部差异；(Ii)土壤和植物受到火山灰浓度影响的阈值和时间；(Iii)火山灰在短期和长期尺度上对人和动物健康的影响；更重要的是，这些过程对受火山喷发影响的社区的影响在于它们的累积效应和相互作用。我们希望考虑如何通过发展和应用最好的科学方法来更有效地解决这个问题。通过这个国际机会基金，我们将建立一个新的专家团队，以多学科的方法开始解决这些问题，让主要利益相关者和最终用户参与进来，并为未来的长期合作铺平道路。我们正在采取基于问题的方法来解决这个问题，并将重点放在一个特定的岛屿上，但用它来考虑一般问题。这将有助于我们专注于最关键的科学问题，并为新的研究人员提供一个共同的问题，在此基础上分析未来的研究需求。来自特定背景(圣文森特)的信息可以立即应用于灾害规划和火山灰破坏的区域应急。该项目建立的网络不仅打算报告与圣文森特相关的研究结果，而且还打算利用这些研究结果来申请研究结果，使不同的专家小组在理解、预测和减轻火山灰落下的风险方面取得真正进展。

This proposal identifies an opportunity to bring together leading international experts to consider the dispersal and impacts of volcanic ash.A key theme emerging from one of our existing research project (STREVA) is the role that volcanic ash plays in disrupting lives and livelihoods across all scales: from major disruption of international air traffic to the destruction of individual livelihoods via irreparable damage to crops and livestock or health problems. Another (VANAHEIM) is uncovering new insights into the ash loading and subsequent dispersal from eruptive columns. Globally other researchers have started to systematically examine the impacts of ash fall-out on critical infrastructure, buildings, communication, vegetation, soil and human or animal health However we currently do not fully understand several things: (i) localised variance in ash dispersal on the kilometre scale and regional (cross-border) dispersal; (ii) thresholds and timings of the ways in which soils and plants are impacted by ash concentrations; (iii) the impact of ash on human and animal health over both short and long time-scales; and (iv) the role that ash concentration plays in disrupting transportation and communication networks during an acute volcanic crisis.Even more importantly, the impact of these processes on communities affected by eruptions lies in their cumulative effects and interacting processes. We want to consider how to tackle this more effectively, by developing andapplying the very best scientific approaches.Through this International Opportunities Fund we will establish a new team of experts to start to tackle these problems with a multi-disciplinary approach which engages key stakeholders and end users, and paves the way for future long-term collaborations. We are taking a 'problem-based' approach to this issue and will focus on one particular island, but use it to consider general problems. This will help us to focus on the most critical scientific issues and provide a new group of researchers with a common problem on which to build an analysis of future research need. The information from the specific setting (St. Vincent) can be immediately applied in disaster planning and regional contingencies for ash disruption. The network built by this project intends to not only report on its findings relevant to St. Vincent but to use these to apply for research finding that enables a diverse group of experts to make real progress in understanding, anticipating and mitigating against the risks from ash fall.