Fluid dynamics of Urban Tall-building clUsters for Resilient built Environments (FUTURE)

用于弹性建筑环境的城市高层建筑群的流体动力学（未来）

• 批准号: EP/V010921/1
• 负责人: Marco Placidi
• 金额: $ 71.28万
• 依托单位: University of Surrey
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2021 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=EP%2FV010921%2F1
• 关键词: Fluid; dynamics; Urban; Tall; building

The world is witnessing rapid urbanisation, where a large percentage of its population is expected to live within urban environments - circa 70% - by 2050 [1]. The main solution to urban immigration has been to construct tall buildings (TBs), which allow for a high-density population (and commercial activities) to reside in the hearts of our cities. However, recent years have witnessed increasing concerns regarding public health and wellbeing in dense urban environments. For instance, it is known that the urban heat island effect, where urban areas are typically some degrees hotter than the surrounding rural areas, can contribute to death rates during heatwaves [2]. To exacerbate these issues, as recognised by the London Plan [3], ''some climate change is inevitable..." and this is likely to increase the frequency and severity of extreme weather events, and the consequent urban health risks. The current COVID-19 crisis has also highlighted the importance of predicting pathogen dispersion and of efficient indoor/outdoor ventilation in urban areas [4]. It is, therefore, in the public interest to build healthy and sustainable urban environments by ensuring that air quality, transport of pollutant emissions, and the microclimate within cities (e.g. winds, temperatures, pollutant concentrations, and anthropogenic heat) do not reach unsustainable levels from poor urban development planning and lack of strategic directions. Recent initiatives are now promoting research on urban environmental health and sustainability (e.g. Public Health England's project Healthy-Polis). Despite the likely effects of the proliferation of tall structures in exacerbating some of the problems discussed above, current weather and air quality models do not cater for TBs and their long-lasting effects on the winds and temperature fields within urban neighbourhoods. This mostly relates to the dominant small scales of the phenomena under examination, in contrast to the spatial resolution that these models typically achieve (i.e. of the order of hundreds of metres) within the constraints of state-of-the-art computer power, resource availability, and turnaround time. On the other hand, the spatial resolution of computational fluid dynamics methods used in academia is much higher i.e. appropriate to resolve the presence of these urban towers. However, these research simulations often lack much of the physics needed to adequately capture real environmental flows (e.g. atmospheric conditions, heat exchange), and are generally run over much smaller domains. Hence, there is a dual need for more realistic detailed simulations and better parametrisations for larger-scale operational models, with the former informing development of the latter.To overcome these limitations, this project will employ a synergy of wind-tunnel tests, field observations, high-fidelity computer-aided analysis, and theoretical models. This will allow us to (i) understand the dependence of wind and temperature fields on the geometric parameters describing TBs both in isolation and as a cluster, and (ii) to develop parametrisations and open-source models that can be readily available to policymakers and regulators to assist them in building more resilient urban environments. The aim is to develop publicly available fast turnaround models that describe the effect of TBs on the quantities of interest for users with different levels of sophistication. This will include "rule-of-thumb" design principles aimed at local authorities and technical model parametrisations suitable for implementation in larger numerical weather prediction and air quality software to serve the professional and operational modelling community. References[1] Revision of World Urbanization Prospect (2018). DESA, UN.[2] Vardoulakis et al. (2016). Environmental Health 15, S30.[3] The London Plan (2017). Greater London Authority.[4] ECDC Tech. Report (2020). European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control.

世界正在经历快速的城市化，预计到2050年，大部分人口将生活在城市环境中-约70%[1]。城市移民的主要解决方案是建造高层建筑（TB），这使得高密度的人口（和商业活动）能够居住在我们的城市中心。然而，近年来，人们越来越关注人口密集的城市环境中的公共卫生和福祉。例如，众所周知，城市热岛效应，其中城市地区通常比周围的农村地区更热，可能会导致热浪期间的死亡率[2]。为了加剧这些问题，正如伦敦计划[3]所认识到的那样，“一些气候变化是不可避免的.“这可能会增加极端天气事件的频率和严重性，以及随之而来的城市健康风险。当前的COVID-19危机也凸显了预测病原体传播和城市地区有效室内/室外通风的重要性[4]。因此，建设健康和可持续的城市环境符合公众利益，应确保城市内的空气质量、污染物排放的传播和小气候（例如风、温度、污染物浓度和人为热量）不会因城市发展规划不善和缺乏战略指导而达到不可持续的水平。最近的倡议正在促进对城市环境健康和可持续性的研究（例如，英格兰公共卫生项目Healthy-Polis）。尽管高层建筑的扩散可能会加剧上述一些问题，但目前的天气和空气质量模型并不适合TB及其对城市街区内风场和温度场的长期影响。这主要涉及到占主导地位的小尺度的现象下检查，在空间分辨率，这些模型通常实现（即数百米的顺序）的限制下，国家的最先进的计算机能力，资源的可用性，和周转时间。另一方面，学术界使用的计算流体动力学方法的空间分辨率要高得多，即适合解决这些城市塔楼的存在。然而，这些研究模拟往往缺乏足够捕获真实的环境流（例如，大气条件，热交换）所需的物理学，并且通常在小得多的域上运行。因此，对更真实的详细模拟和更好的大规模操作模型参数化有双重需求，前者为后者的开发提供信息。为了克服这些限制，本项目将采用风洞试验、现场观察、高保真计算机辅助分析和理论模型的协同作用。这将使我们能够（i）了解风场和温度场对描述TB的几何参数的依赖性，无论是孤立的还是作为集群，以及（ii）开发参数化和开源模型，这些模型可以随时提供给政策制定者和监管机构，以帮助他们建立更具弹性的城市环境。目的是开发公开可用的快速周转模型，描述TB对不同复杂程度的用户感兴趣的数量的影响。这将包括针对地方当局的“经验法则”设计原则，以及适合在较大的数值天气预报和空气质量软件中实施的技术模型参数化，以服务于专业和业务建模界。参考文献[1]《世界城市化前景》（2018年）修订版。德萨、联合国。[2]Vardoulakis et al.（2016）.环境卫生15，S30。[3]伦敦计划（2017）。大伦敦当局。[4]ECDC技术报告（2020年）。欧洲疾病预防和控制中心。

项目成果

Numerical Simulations of Boundary-Layer Airflow Over Pitched-Roof Buildings

斜屋顶建筑边界层气流的数值模拟

• DOI: 10.1007/s10546-022-00738-1
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Boundary-Layer Meteorology
• 影响因子: 4.3
• 作者: Coburn M

Influence of wind direction and source location on peak-to-mean concentration ratios in urban environments

• DOI: 10.1016/j.jweia.2022.105264
• 发表时间: 2022-12-22
• 期刊: JOURNAL OF WIND ENGINEERING AND INDUSTRIAL AERODYNAMICS
• 影响因子: 4.8
• 作者: Melo，A. L. V.;Santos，J. M.;Xie，Z. T.
• 通讯作者: Xie，Z. T.

Wake Characterization of Building Clusters Immersed in Atmospheric Boundary Layers

沉浸在大气边界层中的建筑群的尾流特征

• DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2777274/v1
• 发表时间: 2023
• 作者: Mishra A

Freestream Turbulence Effects on the Aerodynamics of an Oscillating Square Cylinder at the Resonant Frequency

自由流湍流对共振频率下振荡方柱空气动力学的影响

• DOI: 10.3390/fluids7100329
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Fluids
• 影响因子: 1.9
• 作者: Chen Y

Aerodynamics and Wake Flow Characteristics of a Four-Cylinder Cluster

• DOI: 10.1007/s10494-023-00419-0
• 发表时间: 2023-04
• 期刊: Flow, Turbulence and Combustion
• 作者: Cung H. Nguyen;Saad Inam;D. Lasagna;Zheng-Tong Xie