Protecting public-facing professionals and their dependents online (3PO)

警察是面向公众的专业人士。这意味着他们在公众视线下运作，有时会对他们的私生活产生戏剧性的影响(例如，社交媒体的审判、不受欢迎的身份识别、在线骚扰以及对他们自己或家人的威胁)。虽然这通常被认为是一种“纠正警察不公”的方式，或者是一种“回头看”的民主化潜力，但它威胁到警察的社会地位以及他们在专业角色之外的身心健康。他们的亲人(配偶、子女、其他近亲)直接和立即卷入其中，要么是因为他们也是目标，要么是因为他们不得不生活在恐惧中，并接受对其在线参与的限制，以保护他们的警察家庭成员。因此，面向公众的专业警察人员及其家属作为公民在网上的权利和机会显然面临着巨大的挑战和风险。3PO采取了不同寻常的开创性举措，将保护公民在线的主题重新聚焦到执法领域，而执法领域通常被认为是“公民需要保护的领域”。然而，目前既不知道警官的在线风险程度，更不用说他们的家属了，也没有可信的计划来保护这一公民群体的在线安全。3PO项目将通过以用户为中心的办法消除这些差距，从而产生一系列有针对性的成果。首先，3PO将深入了解在线风险和危害对LPFP及其家属的程度、性质、驱动因素、机制和后果。这将导致对隐私和同意作为集体概念的当前理解的重要改进，这些概念需要在(家庭/专业)小组中进行谈判，并创建特定于LPFP的在线风险和危害的分类。主要的重点将是共同为LPFP及其家属创建三个以用户为中心的工具，以进行被动和主动的保护：(1)LPFP和/或其家属报告事件、问题事件或关切的伤害报告应用程序，以发起支持和保护措施；(2)脆弱性评估(“自查”)应用程序，用于评估他们自己的在线存在和账户设置，以确定潜在风险；(3)为警察组织建立的基于人工智能的减轻伤害和风险评估平台，包括基于人工智能的分析能力和仪表板，用于可视化被动分析和主动监测个人和组织伤害概况。第三，3PO将提出设计和政策建议以及专门的警察培训和宣传运动。该项目将利用来自牛津大学、剑桥大学、伦敦大学学院和纳皮尔大学的经验丰富的应用和政策研究人员组成的联盟，由谢菲尔德哈勒姆大学全球联网的恐怖主义、复原力、情报和有组织犯罪研究卓越安全研究中心(CENTORM)领导。为了确保成果是与我们的目标群体共同制定的，并完全与我们的目标群体相关，3PO包括六支英国警察部队(大都会警察、苏格兰警察、北爱尔兰警察、南约克郡警察、兰开夏警察、亨伯赛德警察)和内政部作为积极的研究伙伴。3PO的结果将使警察和执法部门以外的社会团体受益，因为知识和产品将转移到面临同样挑战的其他面向公众的职业，如政客、教师、紧急服务机构、NHS工作人员、记者等。因此，3PO的结果和产品将与大量对社会功能和韧性至关重要的群体相关。

Police officers are public-facing professionals. This means they operate in the public eye with at times dramatic repercussions for their private lives (e.g., 'trial by social media', unwanted identification, online harassment and threats to themselves or their families). While this is often framed as a way to 'redress police injustices' or as a democratising potential of 'watching back', it threatens officers' social standing as well as mental and physical health outside of their professional role. Their loved ones (spouses, children, other close family members) are involved directly and immediately, either because they are also targeted or because they have to live with fears and accept restrictions to their online participation in order to safeguard their police family members. Due to this, public-facing professionals police personnel (LPFPs) and their dependents clearly face strong challenges and risks to their rights and opportunities as citizens online. 3PO takes the unusual and pioneering step to re-focus the theme of protecting citizens online to the law enforcement domain, which is often treated as the one 'citizens need protection from'. However, at present neither the extent of online risks for officers, let alone their dependents, is known nor do credible plans exists for safeguarding this citizen group online. The 3PO project will address these gaps through a user-centred approach that will deliver a series of targeted outcomes. Firstly, 3PO will create in-depth knowledge about the extent, nature, drivers, mechanisms and consequences of online risks and harms for LPFPs and their dependents. This will lead to important refinements in current understandings of privacy and consent as collective concepts that need to be negotiated in (family/professional) groups and create a taxonomy of LPFP-specific online risks and harms. A major focus will be on the co-creation of three user-focused tools for LPFPs and dependents for reactive and proactive protection: (1) a Harm Reporting Application for LPFPs and/or their dependents to report incidents, problematic events or concerns to instigate support and protection measures, (2) a Vulnerability Assessment ("self-check") App to assess their own online presence and account settings to identify potential risks, (3) an AI-based harm mitigation and risk assessment platform for police organisations consisting of AI-based analysis capabilities and a dashboard for the visualisation of reactive analysis and proactive monitoring of individual and organisational harm profiles. Thirdly, 3PO will produce design and policy recommendations and specialised police training and awareness campaigns. The project will do so by utilising a highly experienced consortium of applied and policy researchers from Universities of Oxford, Cambridge, UCL and Napier led by the globally connected security research Centre of Excellence in Terrorism, Resilience, Intelligence and Organised Crime Research (CENTRIC) at Sheffield Hallam University. To guarantee outcomes are co-developed with and fully pertinent for our target group, 3PO comprises six UK police forces (Metropolitan Police, Police Scotland, Police Service Northern Ireland, South Yorkshire Police, Lancashire Police, Humberside Police) and the Home Office as active research partners. 3PO results will benefit societal groups outside police and law enforcement, as knowledge and products transfer to other public-facing professions faced with the same challenge such politicians, teachers, emergency services, NHS staff, journalists, amongst others. Hence, 3PO's results and products will be relevant for a large number of groups crucial for societal functioning and resilience.