PSYCHOSOCIAL CORRELATES OF ADOLESCENT DRIVING BEHAVIORS

青少年驾驶行为的社会心理相关性

• 批准号: 2045064
• 负责人: PATRICIA F WALLER
• 金额: $ 24.94万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1991
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1991-09-27 至 1996-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2045064
• 关键词: adolescence (12-20); alcoholic beverage consumption; alcoholism /alcohol abuse education; alcoholism /alcohol abuse prevention; behavior prediction; child psychology; driving while intoxicated; early experience; education evaluation /planning; family structure /dynamics; female; health behavior; human subject; locus of control; longitudinal human study; model design /development; paternal behavior; peer group; questionnaires; self concept; social behavior; statistics /biometry; vehicular accident

Motor vehicle injury is by far the leading cause of death and serious injury for children and adolescents; for teen-age drivers, alcohol is the single most important factor. Drivers age 16-24 have the highest alcohol involvement rates in fatal crashes, whether based on miles driven, number of licensed drivers, or population, and young female drivers are the fastest growing group of drinking drivers. The broad, long-term objective of this study is to clarify the relationships between early psychosocial characteristics and subsequent high risk behavior in adolescents, including alcohol-related driving, in order to enable the design of early interventions aimed at modifying the antecedents of the high risk behavior. Young female drivers will be of particular interest. The aims of this project are to: (1) Collect data on driving licensure and driving infractions, including crash-related data, on two large samples for which existing longitudinal data on psychosocial and alcohol use/misuse variables have been and are being collected; (2) Merge the driving and crash-related data to be collected with the available and prospective data; (3) Conduct multivariate analyses to develop and cross validate models of psychosocial predictors of high risk driving behavior, (4) Conduct analyses to determine extent to which alcohol misuse prevention programs influence subsequent adolescent driving behaviors; (5) Identify special target populations for development of prevention programs on the basis of the models developed in Specific Aim #3 and findings from Aim #4; (6) Identify implications for future prevention programs, especially school-based programs and alcohol education programs for youthful convicted drunken drivers. Subjects will include 5000 or more young people who will become eligible for driver licensure during the project period and for whom measures of psychosocial variables are available, including measures of 1) alcohol use and misuse; 2) age of onset of unsupervised drinking; 3) exposure to peer use and misuse of alcohol; 4) susceptibility to peer pressure; 5) parental alcohol use and misuse; 6) parental norms regarding adolescent alcohol use and misuse; 7) sibling alcohol use and misuse; 8) deviant self image; 9) internal health locus of control; and 10) self esteem. No previous study has specifically linked such measures to subsequent driving behaviors. The results will be useful for developing and testing preventive school-based programs. As additional student cohorts become old enough for licensure, the models developed will be further tested and validated using these new populations. The data available from the current longitudinal studies provide an unprecedented opportunity to relate measures of psychosocial development to subsequent health risk behaviors in an area representing the major threat to the health and safety of young people. To the extent that alcohol misuse prevention programs can be shown to affect driving behaviors, the effects should be reflected in reduced death and injury to this vulnerable population.

机动车伤害是迄今为止死亡的主要原因， 儿童和青少年的伤害;对于青少年司机，酒精是 最重要的因素。 16-24岁的司机酒精含量最高 致命车祸的参与率，无论是基于行驶里程， 有执照的司机，或人口，和年轻的女司机是 酒后驾车人数增长最快 这项研究的广泛和长期目标是澄清 早期心理社会特征与随后 青少年的高危行为，包括与酒精有关的驾驶， 为了能够设计早期干预措施， 高危行为的前因。 年轻的女司机将成为 特别的兴趣。 本项目的目的是：（1）收集驾驶执照数据， 驾驶违规行为，包括碰撞相关数据，在两个大样本， 现有的心理社会和酒精使用/滥用纵向数据 变量已经和正在收集;（2）合并驱动和 将与现有和预期数据一起收集的与碰撞有关的数据; (3)进行多变量分析，以开发和交叉验证 高危驾驶行为的社会心理预测因素，（4）进行分析 以确定酒精滥用预防计划在多大程度上 随后的青少年驾驶行为;（5）识别特殊目标 制定预防方案的基础上 在具体目标3中开发的模型和目标4中的发现;（6）确定 对未来预防计划的影响，特别是以学校为基础的 计划和酒精教育计划，为年轻的被定罪的醉酒 司机 受试者将包括5000名或更多的年轻人，他们将成为 在项目期间有资格获得驾驶执照， 心理社会变量的措施是可用的，包括措施1） 酒精使用和滥用; 2）无监督饮酒的发病年龄; 3） 暴露于同伴使用和滥用酒精; 4）对同伴的敏感性 压力; 5）父母酒精使用和滥用; 6）父母规范， 青少年酒精使用和滥用; 7）兄弟姐妹酒精使用和滥用; 8） 偏差的自我形象; 9）内部健康控制点;和10）自我 尊重 以前没有任何研究将这些措施与 随后的驾驶行为。 研究结果将有助于开发 并测试预防性的学校项目。 作为额外的学生 当队列年龄足够大，可以获得许可证时，开发的模型将 进一步测试和验证使用这些新的人口。 数据 目前的纵向研究提供了前所未有的 有机会将心理社会发展的措施与随后的 健康危险行为在一个地区代表的主要威胁， 年轻人的健康和安全。 酒精滥用 预防计划可以影响驾驶行为， 应该体现在减少这些弱势群体的死亡和伤害 人口