POTENTIATING EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL OR OTHER DRUGS ON INJURY

机动车伤害仍然是一个主要的健康问题，占更多 退休前失去的生活年数比任何其他健康问题都要多 癌症。酒精是严重和致命机动车的一个重要因素。 受伤。虽然人们很早就知道酒精与 伤害，解释是酒精损害了判断力和 精神运动表现，的确如此。然而，有越来越多的证据表明 酒精还会增加撞击造成的伤害量 指定尺寸的。以动物为基础的有限实验室研究 模型显示了酒精含量和酒精含量之间的线性关系 受伤。然而，基于动物的研究使用了急性制剂，即 一次性饮酒，与人类有很大不同 经验。首席调查员之前的研究，基于 人类受试者，呈现出非线性关系，概率较高 严重伤害发生在大约0。10比0。15 BAC和0.25 BAC以上 比临时BAC的情况要好。它假设，非线性的 这种关系可归因于饮酒史和 对酒精的耐受度。这个项目将第一次检查 时间，酒精对损伤的增强作用，考虑到 饮酒史和耐受性证据(包括行为和 生物医学)。 越来越多的证据表明，非法毒品越来越多地卷入其中 创伤性损伤，但到目前为止研究仅限于严重的 (被送往主要创伤中心的患者)和致命性伤害 处理了所有伤害的范围。与酒精一样，重要的是要 全面检查损伤范围以了解损伤的性质和程度 药物-伤害关系，包括它与酒精的相互作用以及它是如何 与酒精不同。 这项研究的目的是：1)扩大有限的临床 酒精与损伤程度关系的探讨 持续，考虑到其他与伤害有关的因素；2)调查 酒精是否以及在多大程度上增强了损伤的作用 根据饮酒史和耐受性的不同而不同；3)扩展有限 关于非法药物使用(大麻、 可卡因、鸦片类药物)和伤害，包括所有伤害；以及， 4)开始探索这些药物对 受伤。这些发现将扩大和澄清以下临床信息： 酒精对损伤的增强作用；确定两者之间的关系 在非法药物和机动车伤害之间，检查全方位的 并考虑其他相关因素；并确定 酒精与全面使用非法药物之间的关系 伤害的严重程度，从轻微到致命。结果将会有 酒精和药物教育对院前和医院的意义 受伤病人的护理，以及医院发起的干预措施 为酗酒和其他与毒品有关的问题提供帮助。

Motor vehicle injury remains a major health problem, accounting for more lost years of pre-retirement life than any other health problem except cancer. Alcohol is a significant factor in serious and fatal motor vehicle injury. While it has long been known that alcohol is associated with injury, the explanation has been that alcohol impairs judgment and psychomotor performance, which it does. However, there is growing evidence that alcohol also increases the amount of injury resulting from an impact of specified dimensions. Limited laboratory research based on animal models shows a linear relationship between amount of alcohol and extent of injury. However, the animal-based studies used acute preparations, that is, one-time administrations of alcohol, quite different from human experience. Previous research by the Principal Investigator, based on human subjects, shows a non-linear relationship,with a higher probability of serious injury occurring at about 0. 10 - 0. 15 BAC and above 0.25 BAC than occurs for the interim BACs. It is hypothesized that the non-linear relationship is attributable to differences in drinking histories and levels of tolerance to alcohol. This project will examine, for the first time, the potentiating effects of alcohol on injury, taking into account history of alcohol use and evidence of tolerance (both behavioral and biomedical). There is growing evidence that illicit drugs are increasingly involved in traumatic injury, but studies thus far have been limited to serious (patients admitted to major trauma centers) and fatal injuries and have not addressed the full spectrum of injury. As with alcohol, it is important to examine the full range of injury to understand the nature and extent of the drug-injury relationship, including its interaction with alcohol and how it differs from alcohol. The aims of this study are to 1) expand the limited clinical investigation of the relationship between alcohol and extent of injury sustained, taking into account other injury-related factors; 2) investigate whether and to what extent the potentiating effects of alcohol on injury vary as a function of drinking history and tolerance; 3) expand limited information on the relationship between illicit drug use (marijuana, cocaine, opiates) and injury to include the full spectrum of injury; and, 4) initiate exploration of any potentiating effects of these drugs on injury. The findings will expand and clarify the clinical information on the potentiating effects of alcohol on injury; determine the relationship between illicit drugs and motor vehicle injury, examining the full range of injury and considering other relevant factors; and determine the relationship between alcohol and the use of illicit drugs in the full spectrum of injury severity, from minor to fatal. The results will have significance for alcohol and drug education, for pre-hospital and hospital care of the injured patient, and for hospital-initiated interventions to provide assistance for alcohol and other drug-related problems.