POTENTIATING EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL OR OTHER DRUGS ON INJURY

机动车伤害仍然是一个主要的健康问题， 比任何其他健康问题都要多， 癌 酒精是严重和致命的机动车的一个重要因素 损伤 虽然人们早就知道酒精与 伤害，解释是酒精损害判断力， 心理学上的表现，确实如此 然而，越来越多的证据表明， 酒精也会增加撞击造成的伤害 具有特定尺寸。 基于动物的有限实验室研究 模型显示，酒精含量和酒精浓度之间存在线性关系。 损伤 然而，基于动物的研究使用急性制剂， 是一次性的酒精摄入， 体验. 主要研究者先前的研究，基于 人类受试者，显示出非线性关系，具有较高的概率 大约0时发生严重伤害。十比零15 BAC及以上0.25 BAC 而不是临时BAC。 假设非线性 这种关系归因于饮酒史的差异， 对酒精的耐受程度。 本项目将首先研究 时间，酒精对损伤的增强作用，考虑到 饮酒史和耐受性证据（行为和 生物医学）。 越来越多的证据表明， 但迄今为止的研究仅限于严重的 （主要创伤中心收治的患者）和致命伤害， 解决了所有的伤害。 与酒精一样，重要的是 检查损伤的全部范围，以了解损伤的性质和程度。 药物与损伤的关系，包括其与酒精的相互作用，以及如何 不同于酒精。 本研究的目的是1）扩大有限的临床 酒精与损伤程度关系的研究 持续，考虑其他伤害相关因素; 2）调查 酒精是否以及在多大程度上对损伤有增强作用 根据饮酒史和耐受性而变化; 3）扩大有限 关于非法药物使用（大麻， 可卡因、鸦片制剂）和伤害，以包括所有伤害;以及， 4)开始探索这些药物对 损伤 这些发现将扩大和澄清以下临床信息： 酒精对损伤的增强作用;确定 非法药物与机动车伤害之间的关系， 伤害和考虑其他相关因素;并确定 酒精与非法药物使用之间的关系 从轻微到致命的伤害严重程度范围。 结果会有 对院前、院内酒精和药物教育意义 受伤患者的护理，以及医院发起的干预措施， 为酗酒和其他与毒品有关的问题提供援助。

Motor vehicle injury remains a major health problem, accounting for more lost years of pre-retirement life than any other health problem except cancer. Alcohol is a significant factor in serious and fatal motor vehicle injury. While it has long been known that alcohol is associated with injury, the explanation has been that alcohol impairs judgment and psychomotor performance, which it does. However, there is growing evidence that alcohol also increases the amount of injury resulting from an impact of specified dimensions. Limited laboratory research based on animal models shows a linear relationship between amount of alcohol and extent of injury. However, the animal-based studies used acute preparations, that is, one-time administrations of alcohol, quite different from human experience. Previous research by the Principal Investigator, based on human subjects, shows a non-linear relationship,with a higher probability of serious injury occurring at about 0. 10 - 0. 15 BAC and above 0.25 BAC than occurs for the interim BACs. It is hypothesized that the non-linear relationship is attributable to differences in drinking histories and levels of tolerance to alcohol. This project will examine, for the first time, the potentiating effects of alcohol on injury, taking into account history of alcohol use and evidence of tolerance (both behavioral and biomedical). There is growing evidence that illicit drugs are increasingly involved in traumatic injury, but studies thus far have been limited to serious (patients admitted to major trauma centers) and fatal injuries and have not addressed the full spectrum of injury. As with alcohol, it is important to examine the full range of injury to understand the nature and extent of the drug-injury relationship, including its interaction with alcohol and how it differs from alcohol. The aims of this study are to 1) expand the limited clinical investigation of the relationship between alcohol and extent of injury sustained, taking into account other injury-related factors; 2) investigate whether and to what extent the potentiating effects of alcohol on injury vary as a function of drinking history and tolerance; 3) expand limited information on the relationship between illicit drug use (marijuana, cocaine, opiates) and injury to include the full spectrum of injury; and, 4) initiate exploration of any potentiating effects of these drugs on injury. The findings will expand and clarify the clinical information on the potentiating effects of alcohol on injury; determine the relationship between illicit drugs and motor vehicle injury, examining the full range of injury and considering other relevant factors; and determine the relationship between alcohol and the use of illicit drugs in the full spectrum of injury severity, from minor to fatal. The results will have significance for alcohol and drug education, for pre-hospital and hospital care of the injured patient, and for hospital-initiated interventions to provide assistance for alcohol and other drug-related problems.