PSYCHOSOCIAL CORRELATES OF ADOLESCENT DRIVING BEHAVIORS

到目前为止，机动车伤害是最主要的死亡原因，也是严重的 对儿童和青少年的伤害；对于青少年司机来说，酒精是 一个最重要的因素。16-24岁的司机酒精含量最高 致命撞车事故的涉案率，无论是基于驾驶里程，数字 有执照的司机或人口，以及年轻的女性司机是 增长最快的饮酒司机群体。 这项研究的广泛、长期目标是澄清 早期心理社会特征与后遗症的关系 青少年的高危行为，包括与酒精有关的驾驶 以便能够设计早期干预措施，旨在修改 高危行为的前驱因素。年轻的女司机将成为 特别感兴趣。 该项目的目标是：(1)收集有关驾驶执照和 驾驶违规，包括与撞车相关的数据，针对以下两个大样本 哪些现有的心理社会和酒精使用/滥用的纵向数据 变量已经收集并正在收集；(2)合并驾驶和 与事故相关的数据将与现有的和预期的数据一起收集； (3)进行多变量分析，以开发和交叉验证 高危驾驶行为的心理社会预测因素，(4)行为分析 确定酒精滥用预防计划的影响程度 青少年后续驾驶行为；(5)确定特定目标 用于在以下基础上制定预防方案的人口 在具体目标#3中开发的模型和目标#4中的发现；(6)确定 对未来预防方案的影响，特别是以学校为基础的 为被判有罪的青年醉酒者提供的方案和酒精教育方案 司机。受试者将包括5000名或更多将成为 在项目期内有资格获得驾照的人员和对象 心理社会变量的测量是可用的，包括测量1) 饮酒和误用；2)开始无人监督饮酒的年龄；3) 接触同伴使用和误用酒精；4)易受同伴影响 压力；5)父母饮酒和误用；6)父母规范 青少年饮酒和误用；7)兄弟姐妹饮酒和误用；8) 反常的自我形象；9)内在的健康控制源；10)自我 尊重。此前没有任何研究明确将此类措施与 随后的驾驶行为。这一结果将对开发 以及测试预防性的校本计划。作为额外的学生 队列变得足够大，可以获得许可，开发的模型将是 使用这些新的种群进一步测试和验证。数据 从目前可获得的纵向研究提供了前所未有的 将心理社会发展措施与后续措施联系起来的机会 对人类健康构成重大威胁的地区的健康危险行为 年轻人的健康和安全。在酒精滥用的程度上 预防方案可以显示出影响驾驶行为的效果 应该体现在减少对这一弱势群体的伤亡 人口。

Motor vehicle injury is by far the leading cause of death and serious injury for children and adolescents; for teen-age drivers, alcohol is the single most important factor. Drivers age 16-24 have the highest alcohol involvement rates in fatal crashes, whether based on miles driven, number of licensed drivers, or population, and young female drivers are the fastest growing group of drinking drivers. The broad, long-term objective of this study is to clarify the relationships between early psychosocial characteristics and subsequent high risk behavior in adolescents, including alcohol-related driving, in order to enable the design of early interventions aimed at modifying the antecedents of the high risk behavior. Young female drivers will be of particular interest. The aims of this project are to: (1) Collect data on driving licensure and driving infractions, including crash-related data, on two large samples for which existing longitudinal data on psychosocial and alcohol use/misuse variables have been and are being collected; (2) Merge the driving and crash-related data to be collected with the available and prospective data; (3) Conduct multivariate analyses to develop and cross validate models of psychosocial predictors of high risk driving behavior, (4) Conduct analyses to determine extent to which alcohol misuse prevention programs influence subsequent adolescent driving behaviors; (5) Identify special target populations for development of prevention programs on the basis of the models developed in Specific Aim #3 and findings from Aim #4; (6) Identify implications for future prevention programs, especially school-based programs and alcohol education programs for youthful convicted drunken drivers. Subjects will include 5000 or more young people who will become eligible for driver licensure during the project period and for whom measures of psychosocial variables are available, including measures of 1) alcohol use and misuse; 2) age of onset of unsupervised drinking; 3) exposure to peer use and misuse of alcohol; 4) susceptibility to peer pressure; 5) parental alcohol use and misuse; 6) parental norms regarding adolescent alcohol use and misuse; 7) sibling alcohol use and misuse; 8) deviant self image; 9) internal health locus of control; and 10) self esteem. No previous study has specifically linked such measures to subsequent driving behaviors. The results will be useful for developing and testing preventive school-based programs. As additional student cohorts become old enough for licensure, the models developed will be further tested and validated using these new populations. The data available from the current longitudinal studies provide an unprecedented opportunity to relate measures of psychosocial development to subsequent health risk behaviors in an area representing the major threat to the health and safety of young people. To the extent that alcohol misuse prevention programs can be shown to affect driving behaviors, the effects should be reflected in reduced death and injury to this vulnerable population.