PSYCHOSOCIAL CORRELATES OF ADOLESCENT DRIVING BEHAVIORS

迄今为止，机动车辆伤害是导致死亡和严重死亡的主要原因 儿童和青少年受伤；对于青少年司机来说，酒精是 一个最重要的因素。 16-24岁的司机酒精含量最高 致命事故的参与率，无论是基于行驶里程、数量 持有执照的司机或人口以及年轻女性司机是 酒后驾车者人数增长最快。 本研究的广泛、长期目标是阐明 早期心理社会特征与随后的心理社会特征之间的关系 青少年的高风险行为，包括酒精相关驾驶 为了能够设计旨在改变现状的早期干预措施 高风险行为的前因。 年轻女司机将是 特别感兴趣。 该项目的目标是： (1) 收集驾驶执照和 驾驶违规行为，包括与碰撞相关的数据，基于两个大样本 关于心理社会和酒精使用/滥用的现有纵向数据 变量已经并且正在收集； (2) 合并驾驶和 将与现有数据和预期数据一起收集的碰撞相关数据； (3) 进行多变量分析以开发和交叉验证模型 高风险驾驶行为的社会心理预测因素，(4) 进行分析 确定酒精滥用预防计划的影响程度 随后的青少年驾驶行为； (5) 确定特殊目标 制定预防计划的基础上 具体目标#3 中开发的模型和目标#4 的发现； (6) 识别 对未来预防计划的影响，特别是基于学校的预防计划 针对青少年醉酒罪犯的方案和酒精教育方案 司机。 受试者将包括 5000 名或更多的年轻人，他们将成为 在项目期间有资格获得驾驶执照以及为谁 可以测量心理社会变量，包括 1) 的测量 饮酒和滥用酒精； 2) 开始无监督饮酒的年龄； 3） 接触同伴使用和滥用酒精； 4）对同伴的敏感性 压力； 5) 父母饮酒和滥用酒精； 6）父母的规范 青少年饮酒和滥用酒精； 7) 兄弟姐妹饮酒和滥用酒精； 8） 不正常的自我形象； 9) 内部健康控制点； 10) 自我 尊重。 之前没有研究具体将这些措施与 随后的驾驶行为。 结果将有助于开发 并测试基于学校的预防性计划。 作为额外的学生 队列年龄达到足以获得许可的年龄，开发的模型将是 使用这些新群体进行了进一步的测试和验证。 数据 目前的纵向研究提供了前所未有的 将心理社会发展的测量与后续联系起来的机会 对健康构成主要威胁的地区的健康风险行为 年轻人的健康和安全。 就酒精滥用而言 预防计划可以被证明会影响驾驶行为，效果 应体现在减少弱势群体的死亡和伤害上 人口。

Motor vehicle injury is by far the leading cause of death and serious injury for children and adolescents; for teen-age drivers, alcohol is the single most important factor. Drivers age 16-24 have the highest alcohol involvement rates in fatal crashes, whether based on miles driven, number of licensed drivers, or population, and young female drivers are the fastest growing group of drinking drivers. The broad, long-term objective of this study is to clarify the relationships between early psychosocial characteristics and subsequent high risk behavior in adolescents, including alcohol-related driving, in order to enable the design of early interventions aimed at modifying the antecedents of the high risk behavior. Young female drivers will be of particular interest. The aims of this project are to: (1) Collect data on driving licensure and driving infractions, including crash-related data, on two large samples for which existing longitudinal data on psychosocial and alcohol use/misuse variables have been and are being collected; (2) Merge the driving and crash-related data to be collected with the available and prospective data; (3) Conduct multivariate analyses to develop and cross validate models of psychosocial predictors of high risk driving behavior, (4) Conduct analyses to determine extent to which alcohol misuse prevention programs influence subsequent adolescent driving behaviors; (5) Identify special target populations for development of prevention programs on the basis of the models developed in Specific Aim #3 and findings from Aim #4; (6) Identify implications for future prevention programs, especially school-based programs and alcohol education programs for youthful convicted drunken drivers. Subjects will include 5000 or more young people who will become eligible for driver licensure during the project period and for whom measures of psychosocial variables are available, including measures of 1) alcohol use and misuse; 2) age of onset of unsupervised drinking; 3) exposure to peer use and misuse of alcohol; 4) susceptibility to peer pressure; 5) parental alcohol use and misuse; 6) parental norms regarding adolescent alcohol use and misuse; 7) sibling alcohol use and misuse; 8) deviant self image; 9) internal health locus of control; and 10) self esteem. No previous study has specifically linked such measures to subsequent driving behaviors. The results will be useful for developing and testing preventive school-based programs. As additional student cohorts become old enough for licensure, the models developed will be further tested and validated using these new populations. The data available from the current longitudinal studies provide an unprecedented opportunity to relate measures of psychosocial development to subsequent health risk behaviors in an area representing the major threat to the health and safety of young people. To the extent that alcohol misuse prevention programs can be shown to affect driving behaviors, the effects should be reflected in reduced death and injury to this vulnerable population.