Materials irradiation: from basics to applications (MAMBA)

物质常常会受到辐射。人们可以想到太空中的电子设备、放射治疗、溅射材料加工、纳米颗粒修饰、民用核工业中的材料、辐射探测器，以及许多其他方面。这些情况有一个共同点，那就是辐射使物质失去平衡，有时非常戏剧性地如激光烧蚀中那样，导致各种尺度的物理、化学和生物现象，从阿秒和纳米级到高达几米、几天甚至几年的工程或生物尺度，这些宏观现象如故障、骨折、爆炸或死亡都可能由辐照引起。有时目标是避免或减轻损害，而另一些时候则是利用辐射的影响来改变材料的性质。在所有这些场景中，了解材料对强烈和快速能量沉积的响应的基本机制是至关重要的。MAMBA的研究目的是促进我们对材料对辐射的响应的理解，并将其应用于定制和控制暴露在强辐射环境中的材料的性能，无论是有意还是无意的。我们选择了五个处于知识前沿的案例，它们跨越了不同但相互关联的领域的应用：空间电子学、用于空间应用的光伏电池、用于核聚变应用的抗辐射纳米结构、用于临床研究的辐射探测器、质子放射治疗以及核退役中的辐射分解氢产生。这些主题将通过实验和建模技术的组合来解决，这些技术在很大程度上是这些领域共同的。这种共性允许主题之间的交叉授粉，并允许实施丰富的培训计划，其中包括学校、研讨会和许多借调的PM。

Quite frequently matter is subject to irradiation. One can think of electronic devices in space, radiotherapies, materials processing bysputtering, nanoparticle modification, materials in the civil nuclear industry, radiation detectors, and many others. There is a commondenominator to these scenarios, and is that radiation brings matter out of equilibrium, sometimes quite dramatically as in laserablation, leading to a variety of physical, chemical, and biological phenomena at all scales, starting at the attosecond and nanometerwith electronic excitation, and going up to meters and days or even years at the engineering or biological scale, where macroscopicphenomena like failure, fracture, explosion, or death can occur as a consequence of irradiation. Sometimes the goal is to avoid ormitigate damage, and other times is to harness the effects of radiation to alter the properties of materials. In all these scenarios it iscrucial to understand the fundamental mechanisms of material response to intense and fast energy deposition.The research aim of MAMBA is to advance our understanding of material response to irradiation and to apply it to tailor and controlthe properties of materials exposed, purposedly or involuntarily, to intense radiation environments. We have selected five casestudies lying at the frontier of knowledge, and spanning applications in diverse, although connected, fields: space electronics,photovoltaic cells for space applications, radiation-resistant nanostructures for nuclear fusion applications, radiation detectors forclinical studies, proton radiotherapy, and radiolytic hydrogen generation in nuclear decommissioning. These topics will be addressedthrough a combination of experimental and modelling techniques that, to a large degree, are common to these areas. Thiscommonality allows for cross-pollination between themes and for implementing a rich training program that includes Schools,workshops and many PM of secondments.