PROBABILITIES OF DRUNKEN DRIVING AMONG DUIS AND PUBLIC

拟议的研究直接来自一个正在进行的项目，该项目涉及- 对大样本进行深度访谈，以调查 在美国公众和被判有罪的驾车者中醉酒驾驶 酒后驾车(酒驾)。因此，建议的 研究将集中在正在进行的项目的选定方面 延续、预测、验证和扩展。它将会增强 其他正在调查的项目：酒后驾车行为和 青少年、夜间驾车人群和老年人的态度 夜间活动的酒吧人群，特别是对酒精的高度耐受性。 通过大量关注女性和年龄较大的饮酒司机 亚群，拟议的项目将极大地扩展先前的研究 并开始填补文献中的几个重要空白。 具体目标集中(按顺序)在延续、预测、 验证和扩展： 1.减少粗放的探索性工具(健康调查 态度和行为(HAP)通过多变量统计 分析以获得最有效区分的一组项目 在普通驾驶人群、酒后驾车初犯者和 多名酒后驾车罪犯。 2.检验缩短的HAP对区分预后的能力 酒后驾车(关于再次犯罪的预测、治疗方案 合规性和完成性、缓刑完成率等)。 3.前瞻性跟踪，重新面谈酒后驾车和普通饮酒 人口受访者评估主要工具的有效性和 关键变量。 4.评估饮酒模式之间的关系， 失控饮酒和酒后驾车行为 人口。 5.跟踪酒后驾车受访者的司机记录(DMV)4至10年，以 确定后续酒精和非酒精的大小和比率 酒类交通犯罪。 6.分析档案记录(即法院、治疗计划、车管所、 等)酒后驾车的受访者中。 7.招聘和面试3段女性驾驶人口 (即一般驾驶人口、酒后驾车罪犯正在接受治疗 程序和酒吧客户)以识别：(A)酒后驾车 女性的模式，(B)女性的不同可能类型 (C)女司机饮酒的原因 包括用于减轻压力的自我用药的人群，以及(D) 关于逮捕醉酒女司机的情况。 8.招募和面试3个类似的老司机 人口的目标与女性基本相同 不断增长的人口。 9.评估自我报告信息的可靠性和有效性 (A)与机动车管理局的记录相比，违章驾驶，以及(B) 与酒吧观察相比较的饮酒行为。 长期目标。这项拟议的研究旨在增加几个 正在进行的与酒后驾车有关的项目。团结在一起， 拟议的研究和这些其他项目将使 女性酒驾司机，老年酒驾司机， 青少年饮酒司机，高度容忍的司机，精选的酒鬼 司机，以及几乎所有其他酒后驾车的部分 人口。成功实现这些目标，以及 确认和预测特定目标，应有助于：(1)早期 问题饮酒司机的识别和差异化评估 为转介目的，(2)了解性别和年龄差异 在饮酒司机中，以及(3)制定定制的、针对性别的和 针对特定年龄的预防战略和方案。

The proposed research flows directly from an ongoing project involving in- depth interviews with large samples to investigate the probabilities of drunken driving among the U.S. public and among motorists convicted of driving under the influence of alcohol (DUI). As such, the proposed research will focus on selected aspects of the ongoing project for continuation, prognostication, validation, and expansion. It will augment other ongoing projects investigating: drinking-and-driving behavior and attitudes among adolescents, the nocturnal driving population, and the nocturnal bar population, especially regarding high tolerance to alcohol. By concentrating heavily on both female and older drinking driver subpopulations, the proposed project will greatly expand previous research and begin to fill several important gaps in the literature. The specific aims focus (in order) on continuation, prognostication, validation, and expansion: 1. Reduce the extensive exploratory instrument (Survey of Health Attitudes and Practices (HAP) through multivariate statistical analyses to obtain a set of items which discriminates most effectively between the general driving population, first DUI offenders, and multiple DUI offenders. 2. Test the prognostic capability of the shortened HAP to differentiate among DUIs (regarding prediction of recidivism, treatment program compliance and completion, probation completion, etc.). 3. Follow-up prospectively and re-interview both DUI and general drinking population respondents to assess the validity of major instruments and key variables. 4. Evaluate the relationship between patterns of alcohol consumption, loss of control drinking, and DUI activity in the subject driving populations. 5. Track the driver records (DMV) of DUI respondents for 4 to 10 years to determine the magnitude and the rate of subsequent alcohol and non- alcohol traffic offenses. 6. Analyze the archival records (i.e., court, treatment program, DMV, etc.) of DUI respondents. 7. Recruit and interview 3 segments of the female driving population (i.e., general driving population, DUI offenders in treatment programs, and bar customers) to identify: (a) the drinking-and-driving pattern of females, (b) different possible typologies of the female drinking driver, (c) reasons for drinking among the female driving population including self-medication for stress reduction, and (d) circumstances surrounding arrest of female drunken drivers. 8. Recruit and interview 3 similar segments of the older driving population for essentially the same objectives as with the female driving population. 9. Assess reliability and validity of self-reported information regarding (a) driving infractions by comparison with DMV records, and (b) drinking behavior by comparison with bar observations. Long-term objectives. The proposed research is designed to augment several ongoing projects concerned with drinking and driving. Together, the proposed research and these other projects will enable the development of statistical profiles for female drinking drivers, older drinking drivers, adolescent drinking drivers, high-tolerant drivers, selected alcoholic drivers, and almost all other segments of the drinking-and-driving population. Successful achievement of these objectives, as well as the validation and prognostic specific aims, should facilitate: (1) early identification and differential assessment of problematic drinking drivers for referral purposes, (2) understanding of gender and age differences among drinking drivers, and (3) developing customized, gender-specific and age-specific prevention strategies and programs.