RESTRAINT & ATTRIBUTIONS--RISK FACTORS IN ALCOHOL ABUSE

该提案包括三项旨在评估以下方面的研究 节制饮酒的作用(专注于控制 饮酒)和归因方式(乐观主义与 悲观主义)，在饮酒行为中。所有这三项研究都是有组织的 在基于禁欲违规的概念框架内 效果(AVE)，这是由于违反 自愿承诺限制消费。 研究1采用多变量相关设计评估 两种乐观/悲观衡量标准之间的关系， 饮酒归因方式、饮酒习惯、抑郁和 人口统计变量(例如，性别、年龄)和受抚养人 节制饮酒的变量。一个相关的目标是选择以下其中之一 在选题中使用的乐观/悲观衡量标准 在随后的研究中。研究2采用2(高与低 约束)X 2(乐观主义与悲观主义)析因设计评估 对违反自己规定的饮酒限制的反应。 因变量包括行为反应(选择 继续饮酒)和消极的情感反应 (抑郁、焦虑、敌意和自尊)。建模 饮酒将被用来诱使违反限制 适量/大量饮酒的年轻人。研究3采用了相同的2 X 2设计和受试者群体，以测试在 对饮酒行为的自我监控是一种机制 违反限制。受试者将参与品味评定 任务，这是一种引人注目的酒精消费衡量标准，之后 感知与实际消耗和sip频率将是 评估过了。这项研究将提供有关以下影响的信息 对自我准确性的克制和乐观/悲观 监测以及对饮酒行为模式的监测。 本提案中概述的研究提供了一个概念上的 派生的、方法上严谨的饮酒评估 克制和归因风格，与从 适度/控制到过度/不受控制的消费。这个 后一种消费模式将个人置于 酗酒。这项研究的结果对 识别这种高风险个人，以及为 制定与以下疾病相关的预防和治疗战略 改变饮酒限制水平和归因方式。

This proposal includes three studies designed to assess aspects of the role of drinking restraint (preoccupation with controlling alcohol consumption), and attributional style (optimism vs. pessimism), in drinking behavior. All three studies are organized within a conceptual framework based on the abstinence violation effect (AVE), a reaction precipitated by the violation of the voluntary commitment to limit consumption. Study 1 employs a multivariate correlational design to assess relationships among two measures of optimism/pessimism, drinking attributional style, drinking practices, depression, and demographic variables (e.g., gender, age), and the dependent variable of drinking restraint. A related goal is to choose one of the measures of optimism/pessimism for use in subject selection in subsequent research. Study 2 employs a 2 (high vs. low restraint) X 2 (optimism vs. pessimism) factorial design to assess reactions to the violation of self-imposed drinking limits. Dependent variables include behavioral responses (the choice to continue consuming alcohol) and negative affective responses (depression, anxiety, hostility, and self-esteem). Modeling of alcohol consumption will be used to elicit the violation of limits in moderate/heavy drinking young men. Study 3 employs the same 2 X 2 design and subject population, to test whether changes in the self-monitoring of drinking behavior is a mechanism for the violation of limits. Subjects will participate in the taste-rating task, an obtrusive measure of alcohol consumption, after which perceived vs. actual consumption and sip frequency will be assessed. This study will provide information on the impact of restraint and optimism/pessimism on the accuracy of self- monitoring, as well as on patterns of drinking behavior. The research outlined in this proposal provides, a conceptually derived and methodologically rigorous, assessment of drinking restraint and attributional style, as related to the move from moderate/controlled to excessive/uncontrolled consumption. The latter consumption pattern placing the individual at risk for alcohol abuse. The results of this research has implications for the identification of such high risk individuals, as well as for the development of prevention and treatment strategies related to changing levels of drinking restraint and attributional style.