PATTERN OF CHILDREARING ACROSS CULTURES AND ECOLOGIES

该项目的工作涉及各种研究， cultures.总体目标是探讨如何 发育环境可以通过物理环境的变化来描述。 和社会生态，特别是在父母的信仰，价值观， 和实践，并评估这些领域的差异如何影响 儿童的发展。在第一项研究中，西非的父母 采访他们的看法，价值观，期望， 责任和实践。初步结果显示，城市化， 世代和性别独立地影响了 西方起源的传统内生信仰。在第二 在一项研究中，研究人员正试图评估特定的母婴 为了确定在多大程度上， 归因或期望塑造了父母和孩子 互动，特别注重发展侵略性 行为初步结果显示，母亲和儿子之间的互动 当他们对彼此有负面的归因时，第三、 婴儿-母亲依恋的观察和父母报告测量是 在美国的日本母亲和婴儿样本中进行研究， 国家的高水平社会支持与低婴儿- 与美国的情况相反，母亲依恋安全。

The work on this project involves a number of studies in a variety of cultures. The overall objective is to explore the ways in which developmental environments can be described by variations in physical and social ecologies, especially in terms of parental beliefs, values, and practices, and to assess how differences in these domains affect children's development. In the first study, West African parents were interviewed about their perceptions, values, expectations, responsibilities, and practices. Initial results showed that urbanicity, generation, and gender independently influenced the replacement of traditional endogenous beliefs by those of western origin. In a second study, researchers are attempting to assess specific maternal and child attributions about one another in order to identify the extent to which attributions or expectations shape the way that parents and children interact, with particular focus on the development of aggressive behavior. Initial results showed that mothers and sons interacted more aggressively when they had negative attributions of one another. Third, observational and parent-report measures of infant-mother attachment are being studied in samples of Japanese mothers and infants in the United States' high level of social support were associated with low infant- mother attachment security, in contrast to the situation in the US.