INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN PHYSICAL AND AFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING IN INFANCY

婴儿期身体和情感功能的个体差异

• 批准号: 3842347
• 负责人: M E LAMB
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: EUNICE KENNEDY SHRIVER NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF CHILD HEALTH & HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3842347
• 关键词: Hispanic Americans; arousal; behavior prediction; child behavior; child physical development; child psychology; child rearing; cortisol; culture; early experience; emotional adjustment; emotions; family structure /dynamics; heart rate; hormone regulation /control mechanism; human migration; human subject; infant human (0-1 year); low socioeconomic status; maternal behavior; mother child interaction; psychophysiology; social behavior

This project focuses on long-term consequences of individual differences in physical, social, and affective functioning. One study is concerned with the ways certain signals of arousal or irritability in the first months of life are related to measures of the child's temperament, emotional expressiveness, and physiology at later ages. We found significant developmental increases in mean heart period, with stress- related decreases in heart-rate variability and increases in heart rate. Cortisol levels increased with age, became more individually characteristic, and varied as a function of diurnal rhythms. Individuals differences in positive and negative responding to a series of emotion- eliciting stimuli were reliable and stable over time. Although mothers' perceptions of infant temperament were also highly stable, they were unrelated to observational measures of facial expressiveness. Measures of behavioral synchrony in the home predicted differences in the subsequent security of attachment. In a second project, we are studying the effects of maternal behavior, maternal characteristics, family patterns, and infant characteristics on the socioemotional development of upper-middle class Euro-American and lower-class Central American immigrants, developing culturally-sensitive criteria for evaluating normative social behavior and development. Regardless of social or ethnic background, mothers spent a considerable amount of time in discrete activities such as feeding, caring for, and playing with their infants. Although fathers' presence did not seem to affect the amount of time infants spent in discrete activities, it did influence the time parents spent in mutual attention and vocalization with their infants. Individual differences in maternal sensitivity while feeding infants were stable over time.

这个项目的重点是个体差异的长期后果 在身体社交和情感功能上的作用一项研究担心 与某些唤醒或易怒的信号在第一次的方式 生命的月数与孩子的气质有关， 情感表达和生理上的变化。我们发现 平均心动周期的显著发育增加， 相关的心率变异性降低和心率增加。 皮质醇水平随着年龄的增长而增加， 特征，并作为昼夜节律的函数而变化。个人 对一系列情绪的积极和消极反应的差异- 随着时间的推移，诱发刺激是可靠和稳定的。虽然母亲的 对婴儿气质的感知也非常稳定， 与面部表情的观察测量无关。措施 在家中的行为同步预测的差异， 随后的安全附件。 在第二个项目中，我们正在研究母性行为的影响， 母亲特征、家庭模式和婴儿特征 欧美中上阶层的社会情感发展， 中美洲的下层移民， 评价规范的社会行为和发展的标准。 无论社会或种族背景如何， 在离散活动中的时间量，如喂养，照顾， 和他们的婴儿玩耍。虽然父亲的存在似乎并没有 影响婴儿在离散活动中花费的时间， 影响父母在相互注意和发声上花费的时间 与他们的婴儿。母体敏感性的个体差异， 喂养的婴儿随时间推移而稳定。