PH AND THE HEAVY METALS ALUMINUM, COPPER, LEAD, AND ZINC

本调查的目的是记录改变 pH和Al、Cu、Pb、Zn对淡水湖藻的毒性 我们将重点 研究了在不同温度下，藻类的细胞变化和生长速率， 在存在和不存在Al、Cu、Pb和Zn的情况下的不同pH。 具体而言，本研究的目的是： 1.确定将pH从9.0改变为3.0对 选择有代表性的淡水湖藻。 2.在不同pH值下测定铝、铜、铅和锌的EC50， 本研究 3.使用形态测定法在不同pH值下测定细胞效应 以及Al、Cu、Pb和Zn在EC_（50）和一个对数浓度下的影响 在这一点之上和之下。 4.测定各处理对叶绿素含量的影响， 细胞 这是对生产力的一个很好的估计。 5.使用X射线能量色散分析扫描确定 透射电子显微镜，如果分区的Al，Cu，Pb， Zn的出现。 6.为了建立这四种阳离子在 不同的pH值水平，以确定铝作为关键的重要性， 产酸中的毒物。 据认为，为了了解重金属的毒性作用， 细胞系统，有必要记录pH值的变化如何影响 这些金属在细胞和细胞内水平的移动。 本项目旨在解决这一问题。

It is the purpose of this investigation to document the effects of changing pH and Al, Cu, Pb and Zn toxicity on freshwater lake algae. We will focus the study on cellular changes and the growth rates of the algae at different pH in the presence and absence of Al, Cu, Pb and Zn. Specifically, the objectives of this study are: 1. Determine the effect of changing pH from 9.0 to 3.0 on the growth of selected representative freshwater lake algae. 2. Determine the EC50 of Al, cu, Pb and Zn at the different pHs used in this study. 3. Determine cellular effects using morphometry at the different pHs tested and the effect of Al, Cu, Pb and Zn at the EC50 and one log concentration above and below this point. 4. Determine the effect of each treatment on the chlorophyll content of the cells. This is a good estimate of productivity. 5. Determine using X-ray energy dispersive analysis with a scanning transmission electron microscope if compartmentalization of the Al, Cu, Pb, and Zn has occurred. 6. To establish the toxicity hierarchy among these four cations at the varying pH levels in order to determine the importance of Al as a key toxicant in acidogenesis. It is felt, in order to understand the toxic effects of heavy metals to cell systems, that it is necessary to document how pH alterations effect the mobilization of these metals at the cellular and intracellular level. This project is designed to address this question.