Working memory across the adult lifespan: An adversarial collaboration
整个成人寿命的工作记忆:对抗性合作
基本信息
- 批准号:ES/N010728/1
- 负责人:
- 金额:$ 147.09万
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:英国
- 项目类别:Research Grant
- 财政年份:2016
- 资助国家:英国
- 起止时间:2016 至 无数据
- 项目状态:已结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:
项目摘要
The human ability to keep track of ongoing thoughts, plans, actions, current tasks, and changes around us is essential for everyday living. This ability is known as working memory, a system of the brain that allows us to focus on what we are doing, avoid distractions, switch from one task to another, solve problems, navigate around a shopping centre or city, drive on a busy motorway, prepare a meal, or do several things at once such as walking and talking. However, there are vigorous debates among scientists about what limits our working memory ability, and how those limits change as people move through middle age and into their older years. Sometimes such debates can lead to major new insights, but often researchers work with like minded people rather than with people who have opposing views. This can lead to an endless cycle of debate that hampers the genuine advance of understanding, and can result in ineffective use of limited research resources, effort and time. The investigators are international leaders of three different scientific theories and approaches to understanding the important human cognitive ability of working memory. The proposal involves the rare occurrence of co-investigators who hold different views, agreeing to work together on a project that will directly investigate why their independent research programmes have previously generated different results with different implications for understanding the effects of age on cognition. Although holding differing scientific views we have successfully cooperated in editing a journal issue and organising scientific meetings, as well as agreeing to work together to help advance understanding of what changes in the cognitive ability of us all as we age, thereby allowing a solid basis for the collaboration. From previous research results:Theory 1 assumes (a) if working memory is full to capacity with e.g. words, then it will be impossible to make decisions or to remember visual patterns as well (b) there is one general working memory ability that declines across adult age. Theory 2 assumes (a) working memory performance depends on how long attention is focused on memory or on decision making (b) mental rehearsal of words does not require attention (c) mental rehearsal and attention might each decline at different rates across adult age.Theory 3 assumes (a) even healthy older people can cope with holding words and visual patterns in working memory while making quick and accurate decisions (b) people can have good memories without being quick decision makers and vice versa (c) there are several different working memory abilities and these decline at different rates across adulthood with some abilities relatively intact in old ageThe research involves 17 experiments to examine how healthy adult volunteers aged 18-75 perform when they are asked to remember words or visual patterns at the limits of their working memory capacity, and are asked to make simple rapid decisions (such as whether a string of letters is a word or not, or taps into their general knowledge of the world). The experiments will look at how people cope with focusing on the memory task or on the decision task, or are asked to do both at the same time. Two of the experiments will involve large numbers of people performing a range of tests to see if, e.g. people who are good at memory tests are also quick and accurate on decisions, or good at memory and making decisions at the same time. Each theory makes different predictions for the results of our planned experiments. The planned research has significant potential for new theoretical developments, and for major advances in the understanding of this key human ability across the adult lifespan. Crucially, it will reveal whether all of working memory declines with age or whether some aspects remain largely intact, with important implications for design of technology for older users, and for lifelong education and training.
人类跟踪正在进行的想法,计划,行动,当前任务和我们周围的变化的能力对日常生活至关重要。这种能力被称为工作记忆,它是大脑的一个系统,可以让我们专注于正在做的事情,避免分心,从一项任务切换到另一项任务,解决问题,在购物中心或城市中导航,在忙碌的高速公路上开车,准备饭菜,或同时做几件事,例如走路和说话。然而,科学家们对是什么限制了我们的工作记忆能力,以及这些限制如何随着人们从中年到老年而变化存在激烈的争论。有时候,这样的辩论会带来重大的新见解,但研究人员经常与志同道合的人合作,而不是与持相反观点的人合作。这可能导致无休止的辩论循环,阻碍理解的真正进步,并可能导致有限的研究资源、努力和时间的无效利用。研究人员是三种不同科学理论和方法的国际领导者,以了解工作记忆的重要人类认知能力。该提案涉及到罕见的持有不同观点的共同研究者,他们同意在一个项目上共同工作,该项目将直接调查为什么他们的独立研究项目以前产生了不同的结果,这些结果对理解年龄对认知的影响有不同的影响。虽然持有不同的科学观点,但我们成功地合作编辑了一份期刊,组织了科学会议,并同意共同努力,以帮助进一步了解随着年龄的增长,我们所有人的认知能力会发生什么变化,从而为合作奠定了坚实的基础。根据以前的研究结果:理论1假设(a)如果工作记忆充满了容量,例如单词,那么就不可能做出决定或记住视觉模式(B)有一种一般的工作记忆能力在成年后会下降。理论2假设:(a)工作记忆的表现取决于注意力集中在记忆或决策上的时间(B)单词的心理复述不需要注意力(c)心理复述和注意力在成年后可能以不同的速度下降。理论3假设:(a)即使是健康的老年人也可以在工作记忆中保持单词和视觉模式,同时做出快速准确的决策(B)人们可以有良好的记忆力而不是快速决策者,反之亦然(c)有几种不同的工作记忆能力,这些能力在成年后以不同的速度下降,有些能力在老年时相对完整。该研究涉及17个实验,以检查年龄在18-75岁的健康成年志愿者在被要求在其工作记忆容量的极限下记住单词或视觉模式时的表现,并被要求做出简单快速的决定(比如一串字母是否是一个单词,或者挖掘他们对世界的一般知识)。这些实验将观察人们如何科普专注于记忆任务或决策任务,或者同时做这两件事。其中两个实验将涉及大量的人进行一系列的测试,看看是否,例如,擅长记忆测试的人也能快速准确地做出决定,或者同时擅长记忆和决策。每种理论对我们计划的实验结果都有不同的预测。这项计划中的研究对新的理论发展具有重大潜力,并在理解成年人的这一关键能力方面取得了重大进展。至关重要的是,它将揭示所有的工作记忆是否会随着年龄的增长而下降,或者某些方面是否基本保持不变,这对为老年用户设计技术以及终身教育和培训具有重要意义。
项目成果
期刊论文数量(10)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
Strategic adaptation to dual-task in verbal working memory: Potential routes for theory integration.
言语工作记忆中双重任务的战略适应:理论整合的潜在途径。
- DOI:10.1037/xlm0001106
- 发表时间:2023
- 期刊:
- 影响因子:0
- 作者:Belletier C
- 通讯作者:Belletier C
The Effect of a Verbal Concurrent Task on Visual Precision in Working Memory
- DOI:10.1027/1618-3169/a000428
- 发表时间:2019-01-01
- 期刊:
- 影响因子:1.3
- 作者:Berry, Ed D. J.;Allen, Richard J.;Logie, Robert H.
- 通讯作者:Logie, Robert H.
Dual-task costs in working memory: An adversarial collaboration.
- DOI:10.1037/xlm0000668
- 发表时间:2019-09
- 期刊:
- 影响因子:0
- 作者:Doherty JM;Belletier C;Rhodes S;Jaroslawska A;Barrouillet P;Camos V;Cowan N;Naveh-Benjamin M;Logie RH
- 通讯作者:Logie RH
What affects the magnitude of age-related dual-task costs in working memory? The role of stimulus domain and access to semantic representations.
- DOI:10.1177/1747021820970744
- 发表时间:2021-04
- 期刊:
- 影响因子:0
- 作者:Jaroslawska AJ;Rhodes S;Belletier C;Doherty JM;Cowan N;Neveh-Benjamin M;Barrouillet P;Camos V;Logie RH
- 通讯作者:Logie RH
Is the cognitive system much more robust than anticipated? Dual-task costs and residuals in working memory.
认知系统是否比预期的更强大?
- DOI:10.1037/xlm0000961
- 发表时间:2021
- 期刊:
- 影响因子:0
- 作者:Belletier C
- 通讯作者:Belletier C
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Robert Logie其他文献
Assessing long-term forgetting: A pragmatic approach
评估长期遗忘:一种务实的方法
- DOI:
10.1016/j.cortex.2023.11.009 - 发表时间:
2024-01-01 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:3.300
- 作者:
Sergio Della Sala;Alan Baddeley;Nan Peng;Robert Logie - 通讯作者:
Robert Logie
Robert Logie的其他文献
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