FAPESP-ESRC-NWO Joint Call Sustainable Urban Development Resilience and vulnerability at the urban Nexus of food, water, energy and the environment

FAPESP-ESRC-NWO 联合呼吁可持续城市发展 城市的复原力和脆弱性 食物、水、能源和环境的关系

• 批准号: ES/N011414/1
• 负责人: Fiona Marshall
• 金额: $ 24.48万
• 依托单位: University of Sussex
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2015 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ES%2FN011414%2F1
• 关键词: FAPESP; ESRC; NWO; Joint; Call

Cities are complex networked spaces. Due to rural-urban migration and climate change, augmented by other pressures (e.g. from 'global' markets), provisioning of many basic services and commodities such as food, water and energy requires constant adaptation and reform. With increased demand on these services, there are urgent needs to improve access in an equitable way, increase efficiency of use, and to preserve the ecosystems that support the natural resources upon which these services depend. However, mainstream interventions aimed at creating 'resilient' urban food, water and energy systems' are associated with a number of critical challenges. These are the focus of our research.First, access to key services is unevenly distributed among city dwellers. With vulnerability (understood as 'the inability of an individual or group to cope with adversities), being experienced by the urban poor more acutely than other social classes Both poverty and vulnerability may be exacerbated by the unequal provisioning of key services.Second, the material flows and infrastructures involved in provisioning basic services are deeply interdependent. This interdependence has recently gained considerable international policy attention under the rubric of the 'Nexus' of food, water, energy and the environment/climate. Associated with the Nexus are, a) trade-offs such as those encountered in water use for provisioning bio-energy instead of food; b) aggravations when one sector's problems (such as water pollution) impair others (e.g. food provision); and c) synergies that arise, for example, when removing a barrier to energy access streamlines flows of food and/or water. Our research examines how these three sets of challenges interact. For example how vulnerability to water contamination may be exacerbated by vulnerability to hunger and lack of access to energy. We will explore how any new vulnerabilities engendered by a social, technological or ecological 'events' interact with existing forms of insecurity and injustice. For instance, squatters cultivating a peri-urban riverbed for their own food provision may be most directly affected by cyclical flooding. Specifically the project aims to:1.Examine how vulnerabilities within urban communities are co-constituted with the trade-offs (the use of a resource for one service reducing availability for another e.g water use for bioenergy affecting food production) and aggravations (the problems in one sector affecting another - e.g water pollution affecting food) at the food, water and environment nexus, in three highly-dynamic cities in East Africa, Brazil and Europe.2. Utilise dynamic maps of vulnerabilities amongst urban populations to inform resilience-building efforts led by public policy and other practitioners. In particular to examine opportunities for urban governance to exploit the synergies (e.g when removing barriers to energy access improves flows of food and water) of the urban Nexus, and reconfigure the trade-offs towards both resilience and equity. Focussing on access to infrastructures and resource flows by the urban poor in three mid-sized cities in East Africa, Brazil and Eastern Europe, the project engages with the two policy areas of 'poverty, inequality and vulnerability' and 'infrastructure and the built environment'. Through participatory vision-building workshops and inter-city exchanges of policymakers and NGO representatives, the project attempts to involve these expected beneficiaries directly in the research process. Placing central importance on users' practices and their (re)connection with policy-led interventions. Our 'ecology of practice' approach will ultimately contribute new insights into the deepening of democracy in urban governance. To facilitate broad-based communication, the project's key research outputs (frames, methodologies, findings) will be converted into policy briefs, blog posts, anonymized digital archives and teaching materials for schools.

城市是复杂的网络空间。由于农村向城市的移徙和气候变化，加上其他压力（例如来自“全球”市场的压力），许多基本服务和商品，如粮食、水和能源的供应需要不断适应和改革。随着对这些服务的需求增加，迫切需要以公平的方式改善获取，提高使用效率，并保护支持这些服务所依赖的自然资源的生态系统。然而，旨在建立“有复原力的”城市粮食、水和能源系统的主流干预措施涉及到一些重大挑战。这些是我们研究的重点：第一，城市居民获得关键服务的机会分布不均。城市贫民比其他社会阶层更容易受到脆弱性（被理解为“个人或群体没有能力科普逆境”）的影响。这种相互依存关系最近在粮食、水、能源和环境/气候的“联系”的标题下得到了国际政策的极大关注。与这种联系有关的是：（a）在用水以提供生物能源而不是提供粮食方面所遇到的权衡;（B）当一个部门的问题（如水污染）损害其他部门（如粮食供应）时，情况会更加恶化;（c）产生的协同作用，例如，当消除获得能源的障碍时，粮食和/或水的流动会得到简化。我们的研究探讨了这三组挑战如何相互作用。例如，易受水污染的脆弱性如何可能因易受饥饿和缺乏能源而加剧。我们将探讨任何新的脆弱性所产生的社会，技术或生态“事件”与现有形式的不安全和不公正的相互作用。例如，在城市周边的河床上耕种以获取食物的棚户区居民可能最直接地受到周期性洪水的影响。具体而言，该项目旨在：1.在东非、巴西和欧洲三个高度活跃的城市，研究城市社区内的脆弱性如何与粮食、水和环境关系方面的权衡（一种服务使用一种资源减少了另一种服务的可用性，例如生物能源用水影响粮食生产）和恶化（一个部门的问题影响另一个部门，例如水污染影响粮食）共同构成。利用城市人口脆弱性动态地图，为公共政策和其他从业人员领导的建立信任的努力提供信息。特别是审查城市治理的机会，以利用城市联系的协同增效作用（例如，消除获得能源的障碍，改善粮食和水的流动），并重新调整平衡，以实现复原力和公平。该项目的重点是东非、巴西和东欧三个中等城市的城市贫民获得基础设施和资源流动的机会，涉及“贫穷、不平等和脆弱性”以及“基础设施和人造环境”这两个政策领域。该项目通过参与性的远景规划讲习班以及决策者和非政府组织代表的城市间交流，试图让这些预期受益者直接参与研究进程。把用户的做法及其与政策主导的干预措施的联系（重新）放在中心位置。我们的“实践生态学”方法最终将为深化城市治理中的民主提供新的见解。为了促进基础广泛的交流，该项目的主要研究成果（框架、方法、结果）将转化为政策简报、博客文章、匿名数字档案和学校教材。

项目成果

Participatory GIS for water, energy and food nexus towards a sustainable urban planning: study case of Guarulhos city, Brazil.

水、能源和粮食关系的参与式 GIS 实现可持续城市规划：巴西瓜鲁流斯市的研究案例。

• 发表时间: 2018
• 作者: Carvalho CM

Shaping an Inclusive Energy Transition

塑造包容性能源转型

• 发表时间: 2021
• 作者: Hiteva, R

O nexo água, energia e alimentos no contexto da Metrópole Paulista

与保利斯塔大都会背景无关的能源和食品

• DOI: 10.1590/s0103-40142016.30880005
• 发表时间: 2016
• 期刊: Estudos Avançados
• 作者: GIATTI L

Development, Growth, Environment and Social Equity

发展、增长、环境和社会公平

• 发表时间: 2016
• 作者: Cutolo, S.A.

RETHINKING 'SMART' IN INDIA: THE CITY AS AN ECOLOGY OF PRACTICES

重新思考印度的“智能”：城市作为实践生态

• 发表时间: 2016
• 作者: Arora, S.