Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant: Pithouses to Pueblos: Aggregation, Animals, and Sustainability seen through Taos Zooarchaeology and Isotopes

在菲奥娜B医生的监督下。马歇尔，克里斯蒂娜普格将分析动物遗骸恢复超过五十年的考古发掘在陶斯地区的新墨西哥州。 这些动物考古遗迹的年代大约在公元900 - 1320年，来自各种普韦布洛人的定居点类型，包括pithouses，unit-pueblos和Pot Creek Pueblo的大型聚合村庄。 Pugh将首次对来自新墨西哥州陶斯的动物群进行大规模研究。 拟议的研究重点是用于应对生存压力的动物狩猎和处理策略。 除了研究史前饮食的变化外，该研究还涉及土地使用策略，人类与环境的相互作用以及人类住区对动物群落和生物多样性的影响。 该项目不仅将使用标准的动物考古学方法，还将对非人类动物标本进行新的同位素研究。通过比较350多年来各种定居点类型的动物遗骸和同位素数据，将有可能解决陶斯地区社区稳定性和可持续性如何受到聚集，农业集约化，人类对环境的改造越来越多，野生动物的使用也在不断变化。 该项目使用了陶斯地区八个考古遗址的数据：Cerrita、TA-18、TA-47和House A的pithouses，TA-25、TA-26和Sagebrush的单位，以及Pot Creek Pueblo的大型聚合村庄。 大约30，000具动物遗骸将使用标准的动物考古学方法进行检查，例如分类变异分析，身体部位表示和骨骼修饰。 还将收集陶斯地区非人类动物遗骸的同位素数据;将对这8个地点的235个样本和附近的15个现代样本进行分析。 这项研究不仅有助于考古学理解人类与自然世界的互动，以及社区的稳定和长寿，而且还提供了对现代情况的看法，因为世界人口推动城市生活，并关注对世界日益减少的资源，生物多样性和自然环境的管理增长。 除了扩大陶斯地区的知识，这项研究将增加考古学家和其他研究人员的比较信息的不断成熟的数据库谁专注于递归因素，限制了稳定和不稳定的村庄生活。 除了社会科学家，许多研究人员，特别是那些对生态管理和饮食同位素工作感兴趣的研究人员，会发现这项研究的动物考古学和同位素组成部分很有趣。 在这项研究过程中，将咨询当地美洲土著社区，特别是陶斯和皮库里斯普韦布洛。 研究完成后，研究结果将通过海报、口头报告和在伯格温堡图书馆的普格论文副本提供给居住在北方新墨西哥州的人。 该项目还将为未来的动物考古学家创造基础设施和培训，通过增加陶斯堡Burgwin的比较动物群收集和培训陶斯南卫理公会大学考古学野外学校的学生。

Under the supervision of Dr. Fiona B. Marshall, Christina Pugh will analyze faunal remains recovered from over fifty years of archaeological excavation in the Taos region of New Mexico. These zooarchaeological remains date roughly to AD 900 - 1320, and come from a variety of Puebloan settlement types including pithouses, unit-pueblos, and the large aggregated village of Pot Creek Pueblo. Pugh will provide the first large-scale study of the fauna from Taos, New Mexico. The proposed research focuses on animal hunting and processing strategies used for coping with subsistence stress. In addition to examining changes in prehistoric diet, the research also addresses land-use strategies, human interaction with the environment, and the effects of human settlement on animal communities and biodiversity. Not only will standard zooarchaeological methods be used in this project, but new isotopic research on non-human faunal specimens will also be conducted.By comparing the faunal remains and isotopic data from various settlement types encompassing over 350 years of occupation, it will be possible to address how community stability and sustainability in the Taos region were affected by aggregation, agricultural intensification, increasing anthropogenic modification of the environment, and changing use of wild game. This project uses data from eight archaeological sites in the Taos region: the pithouses of Cerrita, TA-18, TA-47, and House A, the unit pueblos TA-25, TA-26, and Sagebrush, and the large aggregated village of Pot Creek Pueblo. Approximately 30,000 animal remains will be examined using standard zooarchaeological methods such as analysis of taxonomic variation, body-part representation, and bone modification. Isotopic data will also be collected on non-human faunal remains from the Taos region; in total, 235 samples from these eight sites and 15 modern samples from their vicinity will be analyzed. This research contributes not only to archaeological understanding of human interaction with the natural world, and community stability and longevity, but it also gives perspective on modern situations as world populations push toward city living and concerns for stewardship over the world's diminishing resources, biodiversity, and natural environment grow. In addition to expanding Taos regional knowledge, this research will augment the continually maturing database of comparative information for archaeologists and other researchers who focus on recursive factors that constrain both stability and instability of village life. Beyond social scientists, many researchers, especially those interested in ecological management and dietary isotopic work, will find the zooarchaeological and isotopic components of this research interesting. Local Native American communities, specifically Taos and Picuris Pueblos, will be consulted during the course of this research. After its completion, results of the study will be made available to those living in northern New Mexico, through posters, oral presentations, and by having a copy of Pugh's dissertation at Fort Burgwin's library. This project will also create infrastructure and training for future zooarchaeologists through augmentation of the comparative faunal collection at Fort Burgwin in Taos and training of students at Southern Methodist University's archaeological fieldschool in Taos.