Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Award: Technological Response To Environmental Variation

博士论文改进奖：环境变化的技术响应

• 批准号: 1821996
• 负责人: Fiona Marshall
• 金额: $ 0.75万
• 依托单位: Washington University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-05-01 至 2019-10-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1821996&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Improvement; Award; Technological

Mica Jones, PhD Candidate at Washington University in St. Louis, will investigate how hunter-gatherer lifeways change and have diversified through time in response to large-scale climatic and environmental fluctuations. Scholars of non-food producing societies have noted close ties between resource availability and the organization of forager societies. In temperate regions, change among hunter-gatherers is often related to shifts in the amount of wild foods available during the year. In areas like the African tropics where resources do not vary significantly from season to season, climatic oscillations over hundreds or thousands of years are more important drivers of social and economic change in small scale human societies. The ways that broad shifts in climate patterns affect social strategies employed by people relying on wild resources in the tropics, however, are not well understood. The deep time perspective of archaeology provides a useful lens for investigating such shifts over long periods of time. This study will use archaeological data to examine the ways small-scale, non-food producing societies adapted to well-known climatic fluctuations over the last 20,000 years in eastern Africa. Findings will provide new information on the role that hunter-gatherer social flexibility had in shaping the social diversity of prehistoric eastern Africa. This doctoral dissertation research project will also further MS Jones academic and intellectual development.Mr. Jones will examine changing hunter-gatherer behavior in two distinct eastern African contexts: the wet, productive Lake Victoria basin of eastern Uganda and the more climatically-sensitive semi-arid plains of southern Somalia. By comparing wet and dry case studies, this research aims to understand how local environmental conditions influence hunter-gatherer decision-making when faced with ecological change. Using zooarchaeological and isotopic analyses, this study will examine changing hunting and site-use strategies as well as local rainfall patterns to track correlations in forager lifeways and environmental changes. In doing so, it will help fill an ever-widening data hole in a geographically important and politically sensitive part of the Horn of Africa today by providing new information on the long-term presence of people in prehistoric southern Somalia.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

华盛顿大学圣路易斯分校的博士候选人云母琼斯将研究狩猎采集者的生活方式如何变化，并随着时间的推移而多样化，以应对大规模的气候和环境波动。非粮食生产社会的学者注意到资源的可获得性和觅食社会的组织之间的密切联系。在温带地区，狩猎采集者之间的变化往往与一年中可获得的野生食物数量的变化有关。在像非洲热带这样的地区，资源不会因季节而发生显著变化，数百年或数千年的气候振荡是小规模人类社会社会和经济变化的更重要驱动力。然而，气候模式的广泛变化如何影响依赖热带野生资源的人们所采用的社会战略，还没有得到很好的理解。考古学的深层时间观为研究长时期的这种转变提供了一个有用的透镜。这项研究将利用考古数据来研究过去20 000年来东非小规模的非粮食生产社会如何适应众所周知的气候波动。研究结果将提供新的信息，狩猎采集社会的灵活性在塑造史前东非的社会多样性的作用。这个博士论文研究项目也将进一步琼斯女士的学术和智力发展。琼斯先生将研究在两个不同的东非环境中不断变化的狩猎采集行为：乌干达东部潮湿，多产的维多利亚湖盆地和索马里南部对气候更敏感的半干旱平原。通过比较潮湿和干燥的案例研究，本研究旨在了解当地环境条件如何影响狩猎采集决策时，面临生态变化。利用动物考古学和同位素分析，本研究将研究不断变化的狩猎和场地使用策略以及当地的降雨模式，以跟踪觅食者生活方式和环境变化的相关性。通过这样做，它将有助于填补一个日益扩大的数据漏洞，在一个地理上重要的和政治上敏感的一部分，今天通过提供新的信息，在史前索马里南部的人的长期存在。这个奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并已被认为是值得的支持，通过评估使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准。

项目成果

Oxygen isotope analyses of mammalian tooth enamel confirm low seasonality of rainfall contributed to the African Humid Period in Somalia

哺乳动物牙釉质的氧同位素分析证实，降雨的低季节性导致了索马里的非洲湿润期

• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Palaeogeography palaeoclimatology palaeoecology
• 影响因子: 3
• 作者: Reid, R.E.B.;Jones, M.B.;Brandt, S.A.;Bunn, H.T.;Marshall, F.
• 通讯作者: Marshall, F.