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Methods for the Analysis of Longitudinal Dyadic Data with an Application to Intergenerational Exchanges of Family Support

纵向二元数据分析方法及其在家庭支持代际交换中的应用

基本信息

批准号：
ES/P000118/1
负责人：
Fiona Steele
金额：
$ 83.48万
依托单位：
London School of Economics and Political Science
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2017
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2017 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ES%2FP000118%2F1
关键词：
Methods Analysis Longitudinal Dyadic Data

项目摘要

Data on pairs of subjects (dyads) are commonly collected in social research. In family research, for example, there is interest in the extent of agreement in family members' perceptions of relationship quality or how the strength of parent-child relationships depends on characteristics of parents and children. In organisational research, cooperation between coworkers may depend on factors relating to their relative roles and company ethos. Dyadic data provide detailed information on interpersonal processes, but they are challenging to analyse because of their highly complex structure: they are often longitudinal because of interest in dependencies between individuals over time, dyads may be clustered into larger groups (e.g. in families or organisations), and variables of interest such as perceptions and attitudes may be measured by multiple indicators. The principal aim of the proposed research is to develop new methods for the analysis of longitudinal multivariate dyadic data.While these methods have a number of potential applications, this project focuses on one important case study: the analysis of exchanges of support between parents and their adult children, using data from the British Household Panel Study and Understanding Society (or UK Household Longitudinal Study, UKHLS). Substantive questions to be investigated include:- What characteristics are associated with giving and receiving support for respondent-parent and respondent-adult offspring dyads? To what extent is the giving and receipt of help persistent over time for a given dyad? And to what extent is the level of exchange associated with lifecycle events?- What is the level and nature of reciprocity of exchanges?- For respondents with non-coresident parents and adult offspring, are norms of reciprocity strained where there are competing demands on respondents' time and resources?- To what extent are financial transfers and 'in kind' transfers (i.e. spending time to help someone) complementary and to what extent do they appear to be substitutes? How does this depend on the socio-economic circumstances of the donor? We propose a general latent variable modelling framework for the analysis of exchanges between respondents and their parents and adult children over time. Our approach will extend existing research in three major ways. First, most previous research has studied exchanges at a cross-section or between two waves. We will use longitudinal data from five waves of BHPS/UKHLS, spanning a 16-year period, which permits examination of associations between exchanges of support and changes in donor and recipient circumstances over time. Second, it is common to analyse support given separately from support received, which precludes the study of reciprocity. We propose a joint model of bidirectional exchanges with support given and support received treated as a multivariate response, and covariances between responses measuring the extent of reciprocation between generations. Third, family support is measured by a set of binary indicators of different kinds of help. The widespread practice of taking the sum score across items implicitly assigns equal weight to each indicator. We will instead specify a latent variable model that relates the binary items to underlying variables representing overall helping behaviour. The model will be extended to include indicators of financial transfers between family members. Sensitivity of results to measurement error and non-random dropout will also be considered.Project outputs will include both methodological and more substantively-oriented articles to communicate the research to social scientists. R routines will be written to implement the proposed methods. Extensive online resources will also be produced, including detailed instructions of how to conduct analyses in R, discussion of modelling decisions, and interpretation of results.

在社会研究中，通常收集成对受试者（dyads）的数据。例如，在家庭研究中，人们对家庭成员对关系质量的看法的一致程度或亲子关系的强度如何取决于父母和孩子的特征感兴趣。在组织研究中，同事之间的合作可能取决于与其相对角色和公司精神相关的因素。双元数据提供了关于人际关系过程的详细信息，但由于其高度复杂的结构，分析它们具有挑战性：它们通常是纵向的，因为随着时间的推移，个体之间的依赖关系很有趣；双元数据可能聚集成更大的群体（例如在家庭或组织中）；感兴趣的变量，如感知和态度，可能由多个指标来衡量。提出的研究的主要目的是开发新的方法来分析纵向多元二进数据。虽然这些方法有许多潜在的应用，但本项目侧重于一个重要的案例研究：分析父母和成年子女之间的支持交换，使用来自英国家庭小组研究和理解社会（或英国家庭纵向研究，UKHLS）的数据。要调查的实质性问题包括：-什么特征与给予和接受对被调查者父母和被调查者成年子女的支持有关？在多大程度上，给予和接受帮助会随着时间的推移而持续？交换水平在多大程度上与生命周期事件相关？——互惠互利的水平和性质是什么？-对于父母和成年子女不在同一家庭的受访者来说，在对受访者的时间和资源存在竞争需求的情况下，互惠准则是否会变得紧张？-资金转移和“实物”转移（即花时间帮助某人）在多大程度上是互补的，在多大程度上它们似乎是替代的？这如何取决于捐助者的社会经济情况？我们提出了一个通用的潜在变量建模框架，用于分析受访者与其父母和成年子女之间随时间的交流。我们的方法将在三个主要方面扩展现有的研究。首先，大多数先前的研究都是研究横截面或两波之间的交换。我们将使用五波BHPS/UKHLS的纵向数据，跨越16年的时间，这允许检查支持交换与捐赠者和接受者情况变化之间的关系。其次，通常将给予的支持与获得的支持分开分析，这就排除了对互惠性的研究。我们提出了一个双向交换的联合模型，将给予的支持和得到的支持作为一个多变量响应，并使用响应之间的协方差来衡量代际之间的互惠程度。第三，家庭支持是通过一套不同种类的帮助的二元指标来衡量的。采用项目总分的普遍做法隐含地赋予每个指标相同的权重。相反，我们将指定一个潜在变量模型，该模型将二进制项目与代表总体帮助行为的潜在变量联系起来。该模式将得到扩展，纳入家庭成员之间资金转移的指标。结果对测量误差和非随机dropout的敏感性也将被考虑。项目产出将包括方法学和更注重实质的文章，以便向社会科学家传达研究成果。将编写R例程来实现所建议的方法。还将制作大量在线资源，包括如何在R中进行分析的详细说明，建模决策的讨论以及结果的解释。