SBE-RCUK Lead Agency: Co-location of manufacturing and innovation: drivers & impacts of technological innovation along wind energy global value chain

拟议的研究将解决以下问题：(i)风电制造价值链的不同部分在位置方面是如何变化的？哪些因素可以解释公司之间的这些变化和差异？（ii）创新的性质和方向（以专利的焦点衡量）如何根据oem（包括其研发和子公司）和供应商的位置而有所不同？（三）主机厂和供应商的制造和研发国际化如何影响风电全球价值链的创新？调查人员将使用混合方法技术进行这项研究，使用一个独特的数据库，该数据库包含12家主要原始设备制造商及其与470家供应商的关系（2006年至2014年）。调查人员开发的初步数据库包括有关组成部分类型、公司所在地等的公司一级信息。研究人员将通过增加有关企业、公共政策和技术的新信息，以及通过访谈了解国际化的结果，显著地发展这个数据库。该分析将采用一种新的方法来描述专利，社会网络来描述全球价值链，计量经济学技术来确定制造业转移与专利实践之间的关系，并采用比较案例研究。知识价值：对制造业转移对技术创新影响的研究将检验一个新部门（风能）的新兴理论，该部门受到公共政策干预的强烈影响，同时增加了对组件和供应商公司的重要关注。实证和理论分析，包括研究制造和研发区位决策的驱动因素及其影响的方法的发展，将被设计用于其他行业。对原始设备制造商和国家的比较案例研究和讨论将进一步有助于理解全球分布式制造业中贸易、能源政策、技术创新和当地产业发展之间的关系。更广泛的影响：这项研究可以对公共政策和社会产生重大影响。对于高收入经济体（如美国或英国）对国内制造业和现代产业创造就业感兴趣的政策制定者来说，这项研究将通过对全球价值链上的联系的详细理解，为刺激当地制造业和经济竞争力的政策设计提供信息。对于对新兴产业感兴趣的新兴经济体的政策制定者来说，这项研究可以为在一个与平衡经济增长与环境和气候目标密切相关的行业中利用全球价值链促进当地技术和能力发展提供见解。对于社会而言，本研究可以阐明制造业转移如何影响技术创新应对气候和环境挑战的能力，从而为实现社会目标的政策设计提供支持。

The proposed research will address the following questions: (i) How have different parts of the wind manufacturing value chain changed in terms of location? What factors explain these changes and differences across firms? (ii) How does the nature and direction of innovation (measured by the focus of patents) differ depending on the location of OEMs (including their R&D and subsidiaries) and suppliers? (iii) How does internationalization of manufacturing and R&D of OEMs and suppliers affect innovation in the wind GVC? The investigators will use mixed-method techniques to conduct this research, using a unique database of 12 major OEMs and their relationships with 470 suppliers (2006 to 2014). The preliminary database developed by the investigators includes firm-level information on the type of component, the locations of firms, etc. The investigators will significantly develop this database by adding new information on firms, public policies, and technology, and by conducting interviews to understand outcomes of internationalization. The analysis will employ a new methodology to characterize patents, social networks to depict the GVC, econometric techniques to determine the relationship between manufacturing shifts and patenting practices, and comparative case studies.Intellectual merit: The study of the impacts of manufacturing shifts on technology innovation will test emerging theories in a new sector (wind energy) that is strongly shaped by public policy interventions, while adding an important focus on components and supplier firms. The empirical and theoretical analysis, including the development of a methodology for studying drivers of manufacturing and R&D location decisions and their impacts, will be designed to apply to other industries. Comparative case studies and discussions on OEMs and on countries will further contribute to the understanding of the relationship between trade, energy policy, technology innovation, and local industry development in globally distributed manufacturing industries. Broader impacts: This research can have substantial impacts on public policy and on society. For policymakers in high-income economies (e.g., US or UK) interested in domestic manufacturing and employment generation in modern industries, this research will inform on the design of policies that spur local manufacturing and economic competitiveness with a granular understanding of the linkages along GVC. For policymakers in emerging economies interested in new industries, this research can provide insights on leveraging GVCs for local technology and capacity development in an industry greatly relevant for balancing economic growth with environment and climate targets. For society, this research can elucidate the ways in which manufacturing shifts affect the ability of technological innovation to meet climate and environmental challenges, thus supporting design of policies to meet societal goals.