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The role of familiarity and experience in the implementation of efficient visual search strategies

熟悉度和经验在实施高效视觉搜索策略中的作用

基本信息

批准号：
ES/S016120/1
负责人：
Amelia Hunt
金额：
$ 46万
依托单位：
University of Aberdeen
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2019
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2019 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ES%2FS016120%2F1
关键词：
role familiarity experience implementation efficient

项目摘要

Imagine searching your office for your keys. You will likely start by scanning surfaces in your office such as your desk, table, and shelves. You may then check pockets, bags, and underneath papers, until you either find the keys or give up. How efficient was this search? How much time did you waste looking in places you already inspected, searching an area for too long, or looking in places that contained no useful information? In this proposal, we define search efficiency as the proportion of eye movements that are directed to locations that can be easily ascertained to provide new information. In the office example, some surfaces will be empty, and some cluttered with books and papers. If your keys were in the middle of an empty surface, you would already know where they were; no new information would be gained by looking directly at these locations. An efficient searcher would instead direct their eyes to the cluttered regions, where central vision is needed. Our recent studies using this metric to define efficiency have found a surprisingly large range of individual strategies, with some people being highly efficient, some random, and some highly inefficient. These differences suggest that rather than asking "is search optimal or random?" we should be asking for whom, and in what circumstances, search is optimal or random. This is the aim of the current proposal. Much is already known about how visual information guides attention during search. Far less is known about search strategy, which contributes far more variance to performance measures. Our key hypothesis is that individual differences in strategy can be explained, at least in part, by differences in experience with the visual content and configuration, even though (in our experiments at least) these have no bearing on what the optimal eye movements are or the difficulty of implementing an efficient strategy. To assess this hypothesis, we systematically measure the effect on search efficiency of visual content, layout of the search array, individual motivation, learning, and prior expertise. Understanding strategy is fundamental to building a complete model of visual search. The results have implications for understanding the role of experience in shaping strategy that could have relevance beyond the context of visual search. The results can also be useful in designing environments that promote more efficient search, and developing training programs that can lead to faster and more accurate detection of targets.

想象一下在你的办公室里找钥匙。你可能会从扫描办公室的表面开始，比如你的桌子、桌子和架子。然后你可以检查口袋，包，和下面的文件，直到你找到钥匙或放弃。这搜索效率有多高？你浪费了多少时间在你已经检查过的地方寻找，搜索一个区域太长，或者在不包含有用信息的地方寻找？在这个提议中，我们将搜索效率定义为指向可以容易地确定以提供新信息的位置的眼球运动的比例。在办公室的例子中，有些表面是空的，有些表面则堆满了书籍和纸张。如果你的钥匙在一个空的表面的中间，你已经知道它们在哪里;直接看这些位置不会获得新的信息。一个高效的机器人会将他们的眼睛引导到杂乱的区域，那里需要中心视觉。我们最近的研究使用这个指标来定义效率，发现了一个令人惊讶的大范围的个人策略，有些人效率很高，有些人随机，有些人效率很低。这些差异表明，与其问“搜索是最优的还是随机的？“我们应该问，在什么情况下，搜索对谁是最佳的或随机的。这就是本提案的目的。关于视觉信息如何在搜索过程中引导注意力，我们已经知道了很多。对搜索策略的了解要少得多，而搜索策略对性能指标的影响要大得多。我们的主要假设是，策略的个体差异至少可以部分地由视觉内容和结构的经验差异来解释，尽管（至少在我们的实验中）这些差异与最佳眼动是什么或实施有效策略的难度无关。为了评估这一假设，我们系统地测量视觉内容，搜索阵列的布局，个人动机，学习和先前的专业知识对搜索效率的影响。理解策略是建立一个完整的视觉搜索模型的基础。这些结果对理解经验在塑造策略中的作用具有影响，这些策略可能与视觉搜索的背景无关。这些结果也可以用于设计促进更有效搜索的环境，以及开发可以更快，更准确地检测目标的训练计划。