Informed mining: risk reduction through enhanced public and institutional risk awareness (IM AWARE)

知情采矿：通过增强公众和机构风险意识来降低风险（IM AWARE）

• 批准号: ES/T003537/1
• 负责人: Scott Ferson
• 金额: $ 110.39万
• 依托单位: University of Liverpool
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2019 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ES%2FT003537%2F1
• 关键词: Informed; mining; risk; reduction; through

Lax governance policies allow poor business practices which can lead to dramatic disasters and shocking fatalities. In reaction to the consequent public outcry, legislation tightens governance policies. There have been countless examples of this cycle, including laws resulting from boiler explosions, drug scams, and events such as the Johnstown flood. We must short-circuit this upward spiral so it does not require the fatalities to drive it forward. Scientifically grounded multistakeholder governance has been proposed as a scheme to accomplish this, but little empirical evidence shows it is useful, especially in the context of countervailing economic forces and entrenched interests.Despite the enhanced awareness with several recent high-profile mine tailings dam disasters, mine operators and site workers do not practice good risk management. Several factors have been proposed including a lack of trust and fear of reprisal. This is exacerbated by failed efforts to reduce the vulnerability of communities through relocation of settlements, which are usually met with suspicious protests. A general climate of fear is precipitated by the misconception that risk management is counterproductive to economic competitiveness. The project explores the beliefs of stakeholders constructed because of dominating actors, cultural factors, and the local context. Interviews will explore individual perceptions of risk and their implications for the co-development of mitigation strategies. The results will inform the multistakeholder workshops, each convened to address specific challenges relating to participatory management. Participant experience will be evaluated, as will approaches for communication and the role of science in this interaction. Sociocultural metrics for (i) risk neglect, (ii) low propensity to trust, (iii) distance to power (empowerment and social responsibility), and (iv) short-termism/commodity mentality will also be evaluated in the initial interviews and throughout the project. This creates an evidence base for the efficacy of multistakeholder governance models for mine tailings storage. Applying this across two case studies at different sites will evidence the adaptive capacity of the approach, and justification for its adoption across Brazil. A problem in participatory management is information asymmetry. Science can assuage this problem and provide a context for discussion and common decision making. The project will evaluate the effect of risk awareness on motivating near-term engineering interventions (e.g., decanting, pipe draining, etc.) and directing long-term construction and business practices of the industry that will reduce deaths and other risks suffered by economically disadvantaged vulnerable downstream populations, and preventing destruction of agricultural lands and the environment generally. The work will seek to demonstrate risk awareness does not threaten but can enhance economic competitiveness, addressing disaster management and sustainable development, even for mining operations, by sustaining mine operations, improving health of workers, reducing adverse impacts on workforce, reducing legal liabilities from dam failures and leachate releases, and forestalling legislative and regulatory strictures.The interests of mine owners and at-risk communities are not commonly seen as aligned. However, using science as the medium for identifying common interests, the project will create an evidence base addressing the efficacy of different schemes in efforts to reduce information asymmetry and, particularly, the use of scientific analysis to enhance risk awareness and communication which are fundamental to participatory management. The project's empirical results will be broadly relevant to other implementations of multistakeholder governance schemes, and its specific software developments are directly applicable to stability of water dams and landslides which are among the deadliest hazards.

宽松的治理政策允许不良的商业行为，这可能导致严重的灾难和令人震惊的死亡。为了应对随之而来的公众抗议，立法收紧了治理政策。这种循环的例子数不胜数，包括锅炉爆炸、毒品诈骗和约翰斯敦洪水等事件导致的法律。我们必须缩短这种上升的螺旋，这样它就不需要死亡来推动它前进。基于科学的多利益相关者治理已被提出作为一个计划来实现这一点，但很少有经验证据表明，它是有用的，特别是在抵消经济力量和既得利益的背景下，尽管提高了认识，最近几个高调的尾矿坝灾害，矿山经营者和现场工人不实行良好的风险管理。人们提出了几个因素，包括缺乏信任和害怕报复。通过搬迁定居点来减少社区脆弱性的努力失败，使这种情况更加严重，搬迁定居点通常会遇到可疑的抗议。认为风险管理对经济竞争力起反作用的错误观念促成了普遍的恐惧气氛。该项目探讨了利益相关者的信念，这些信念是由于主导行为者、文化因素和当地环境而构建的。访谈将探讨个人对风险的看法及其对共同制定缓解战略的影响。评估结果将为多方利益攸关方讲习班提供信息，每次讲习班都是为了应对与参与性管理有关的具体挑战。将对参与者的经验、交流方法和科学在这种互动中的作用进行评估。在最初的访谈和整个项目中，还将评估以下社会文化指标：（i）风险忽视，（ii）信任倾向低，（iii）与权力的距离（赋权和社会责任），以及（iv）短期主义/商品心态。这为尾矿库多利益相关方治理模式的有效性提供了证据基础。在不同地点的两个案例研究中应用这一点，将证明该方法的适应能力，以及在巴西采用该方法的理由。参与式管理的一个问题是信息不对称。科学可以缓解这个问题，并为讨论和共同决策提供背景。该项目将评估风险意识对激励近期工程干预的影响（例如，倾析、管道排水等）指导该行业的长期建设和商业做法，以减少经济上处于不利地位的脆弱下游人口的死亡和其他风险，并防止对农业用地和环境的破坏。这项工作将力求证明风险意识不会威胁到经济竞争力，但可以提高经济竞争力，解决灾害管理和可持续发展问题，甚至对采矿作业也是如此，办法是维持采矿作业，改善工人的健康，减少对劳动力的不利影响，减少大坝坍塌和沥滤液排放造成的法律的责任，并预先阻止立法和监管的限制。矿主和风险社区的利益通常被视为不一致。然而，该项目将利用科学作为确定共同利益的媒介，建立一个证据库，说明不同计划在努力减少信息不对称方面的效力，特别是利用科学分析加强对参与性管理至关重要的风险意识和沟通。该项目的实证结果将广泛适用于其他多利益相关者治理计划的实施，其具体的软件开发直接适用于最致命的灾害之一的水坝和山体滑坡的稳定性。

项目成果

Effect of rotational inertia on building response to earthquakes via a closed-form solution

• DOI: 10.1080/15397734.2021.1880329
• 发表时间: 2021-02
• 期刊: Mechanics Based Design of Structures and Machines
• 影响因子: 3.9
• 作者: A. Alonso-Rodríguez;K. Tsavdaridis

Building retrofit with reduced web (RWS) and beam (RBS) section limited-ductility connections

采用减少腹板 (RWS) 和梁 (RBS) 截面有限延展性连接的建筑改造

• DOI: 10.1016/j.jcsr.2022.107459
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Journal of Constructional Steel Research
• 影响因子: 4.1
• 作者: Tabar A

Experimental behaviour of non-seismical RWS connections with perforated beams under cyclic actions

• DOI: 10.1016/j.jcsr.2021.106756
• 发表时间: 2021-08
• 期刊: Journal of Constructional Steel Research
• 影响因子: 4.1
• 作者: K. Tsavdaridis;Chun Kit Lau;A. Alonso-Rodríguez