Emotional AI in Cities: Cross Cultural Lessons from UK and Japan on Designing for An Ethical Life

持续运动人工智能(EAI)技术可以感知、学习公民的情绪、情绪、注意力和意图，并与之交互。机器使用弱而窄的人工智能，而不是强人工智能，通过文本、图像、语音、计算机视觉和生物识别传感来阅读情感并对其做出反应。与此同时，城市生活越来越多地受到科技的影响。数据驱动的传感器、执行器、机器人和无处不在的网络正在改变市民体验城市的方式，但并不总是变得更好。在新兴的智能城市部署中，公民的需求和观点往往是辅助的，导致对新的市政基础设施及其管理的不信任(例如Alphabet的人行道实验室)。随着EAI在城市的推广，我们需要避免这些问题重演。阅读身体是一个越来越普遍的担忧，最近对面部检测和识别技术的抵制就证明了这一点。EAI是它的延伸，随着它在未来十年变得常态化，我们关注这些系统是如何治理的，对公民的社会影响，以及如何以更符合道德的方式设计EAI。在日本和英国，我们正处于一个关键时刻，在大规模采用EAI之前，我们可以适当地准备这些社会、技术和治理结构，使公民，无论他们的多样性，都能够在以城市为平台的环境中以伦理和良好的方式与EAI共处。我们的研究将在我们在东京举行的ESRC/AHRC研讨会(2019年)的基础上，考虑跨文化伦理和EAI，我们的研究将在日本和英国实现多方利益相关者(商业、安全、媒体)和公民领导的跨学科应对EAI。虽然这两个国家在人工智能方面是最先进的国家，但这些技术产生的社会背景和历史不同，为反思和相互学习提供了丰富的空间。评估在跨文化(英国-日本)的商业、安全和媒体背景下的城市中，以道德和良好的方式与EAI生活意味着什么。绘制并参与有影响力的参与者的生态，开发并与英国-日本的EAI合作。通过行业访谈、案例研究和专利分析，了解城市中关于企业应用集成的商业活动、意图和伦理影响。通过对这些利益相关者的访谈和英国-日本的案例研究，确定EAI可能如何影响新媒体生态中的安全/警务利益相关者和组织。研究收集和使用公共空间情感亲密数据的治理方法，以了解这些方法如何指导EAI技术发展，并建立城市EAI最佳实践库。6.通过定量的全国调查和定性的研讨会，了解不同公民对EAI的态度，以共同设计公民主导的创造性愿景，在英国-日本的城市中与EAI一起过上道德和良好的生活。8.将我们的见解提供给影响EAI在英国-日本城市中的使用的利益相关者。通过以下方式推动监控研究、新媒体研究、信息技术法律、科学与技术研究、安全与治安研究、计算机伦理和情感计算：24篇国际会议论文；一次关于EAI的会议；12篇国际，经评审的期刊论文；一期关于EAI的应用/好处特刊：-提高英日利益相关者(科技行业、政策制定者、非政府组织、安全服务、城市规划者、媒体、公民)对如何在城市中以伦理和良好的方式与EAI共处的认识，通过共同设计的、公民主导的、被反馈到利益相关者政策研讨会的定性愿景；一份关于在CITES中使用EAI的明确标准的最终报告；24与利益相关者会谈；多个新闻故事。-建立一个智囊团，在项目期间和之后向不同的利益相关者提供关于EAI和跨文化问题的不偏不倚的道德建议。-促进英国和日本学者、学科和EAI利益相关者之间的合作。

CONTEXTEmotional AI (EAI) technologies sense, learn and interact with citizens' emotions, moods, attention and intentions. Using weak and narrow rather than strong AI, machines read and react to emotion via text, images, voice, computer vision and biometric sensing. Concurrently, life in cities is increasingly technologically mediated. Data-driven sensors, actuators, robots and pervasive networking are changing how citizens experience cities, but not always for the better. Citizen needs and perspectives are often ancillary in emerging smart city deployments, resulting in mistrust in new civic infrastructure and its management (e.g. Alphabet's Sidewalk Labs). We need to avoid these issues repeating as EAI is rolled out in cities. Reading the body is an increasingly prevalent concern, as recent pushback against facial detection and recognition technologies demonstrates. EAI is an extension of this, and as it becomes normalised across the next decade we are concerned about how these systems are governed, social impacts on citizens, and how EAI can be designed in a more ethical manner. In both Japan and UK, we are at a critical juncture where these social, technological and governance structures can be appropriately prepared before mass adoption of EAI, to enable citizens, in all their diversity, to live ethically and well with EAI in cities-as-platforms.Building on our ESRC/AHRC seminars in Tokyo (2019) that considered cross-cultural ethics and EAI, our research will enable a multi-stakeholder (commerce, security, media) and citizen-led interdisciplinary response to EAI for Japan and UK. While these are two of the most advanced nations in regard to AI, the social contexts and histories from which these technologies emerge differ, providing rich scope for reflection and mutual learning.AIMS/OBJECTIVES1. To assess what it means to live ethically and well with EAI in cities in cross-cultural (UK-Japan) commercial, security and media contexts.2. To map and engage with the ecology of influential actors developing and working with EAI in UK-Japan.3. To understand commercial activities, intentions and ethical implications regarding EAI in cities, via interviews with industry, case studies, and analysis of patents.4. To ascertain how EAI might impact security/policing stakeholders, and organisations in the new media ecology, via interviews with these stakeholders and case studies in UK-Japan.5. To examine governance approaches for collection and use of intimate data about emotions in public spaces to understand how these guide EAI technological developments, and to build a repository of best practice on EAI in cities. 6. To understand diverse citizens' attitudes to EAI via quantitative national surveys and qualitative workshops to co-design citizen-led, creative visions of what it means to live ethically and well with EAI in cities in UK-Japan. 8. To feed our insights to stakeholders shaping usage of EAI in cities in UK-Japan.9. To advance surveillance studies, new media studies, information technology law, science & technology studies, security & policing studies, computer ethics and affective computing via: 24 international conference papers; a conference on EAI; 12 international, refereed journal papers; a Special Issue on EAI.APPLICATIONS/BENEFITS We will: - Raise awareness of UK-Japanese stakeholders (technology industry, policymakers, NGOs, security services, urban planners, media outlets, citizens) on how to live ethically and well with EAI in cities, via co-designed, citizen-led, qualitative visions fed into Stakeholder Policy Workshops; a Final Report with clear criteria on ethical usage of EAI in cites; 24 talks with stakeholders; multiple news stories.- Set up a think tank to provide impartial ethical advice on EAI and cross-cultural issues to diverse stakeholders during and after the project.- Advance collaboration between UK-Japan academics, disciplines and stakeholders in EAI.