Accumulative processes in health inequalities: the socioeconomic causes and consequences of mental and physical health comorbidity in adolescence

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The research project investigates accumulative inequalities in health and social outcomes through investigating the causes and consequences of the comorbidity of depressive symptoms and high body mass index (BMI) in adolescence. Rates of high BMI such as being overweight or obese have been increasing in children in many economically developed countries including the UK, and there has been widespread concern that mental health problems such as depression have also been on the rise. These important aspects of adolescent wellbeing often co-occur and can develop together. They are also associated with numerous childhood social factors such as family socioeconomic circumstances and experiencing negative life events. Importantly, adolescent health and wellbeing can in turn influence school achievement and later socioeconomic opportunities. The strong links between depressive symptoms and BMI indicate that mental and physical health problems may accumulate, which can have even greater consequences than difficulties in any specific area of health or wellbeing on their own.In this research project, I will use two longitudinal studies on adolescents and one large genetically informed cross-sectional study of adults to understand how inequalities develop. The theoretical framework of the project is based on accumulative (dis)advantage theory, which suggests that disadvantage in different areas of life may interact with consequences bigger than the sum of its parts. The analyses apply advanced statistical methods to characterise the relationship between depressive symptoms and BMI across adolescence, the social predictors of their comorbidity, and to estimate the strength of their effects on later outcomes. The project addresses the following research questions:- How do early-life socioeconomic circumstances predict the comorbidity of depressive symptoms and high BMI in adolescence?- Does the number and severity of adverse life events in childhood predict the comorbidity and explain some of the influence of family background?- Have there been cohort changes in the social determinants and gender-specific patterns of comorbid depressive symptoms and high BMI?- Do depressive symptoms and high BMI interact to impact school grades and educational aspirations?- Do depressive symptoms and high BMI together predict education, income and living with a spouse in adulthood more strongly than either separately?The project will study the interaction of depressive symptoms, BMI and social circumstances with an interdisciplinary approach, because of the close links between health and social factors and the potential contribution to knowledge in a range of disciplines. Undertaking the project will further my development into an independent academic and enable me to build impactful connections with policy-makers and stakeholders. Advancing our understanding of the early drivers of accumulative disadvantage and the benefits of early investments to wellbeing, the project will be useful for policy-makers in a wide range of policy areas and professionals in health and social services aiming to improve adolescent wellbeing and, ultimately, to address inequalities in life chances.