Arrival infrastructures and migrant newcomers in European cities

欧洲社会面临的一个大问题是来自世界各地越来越多的移民。在欧洲各国努力管理移民流动的同时，实际面临的挑战实际上是接纳和排斥移民的挑战。我们研究移民的既定范式假设移民定居在白人占多数的地区，或者他们在所谓的“种族社区”中加入他们的同种族。然而，今天，新移民往往搬到超级多样化的地方，这些地方是由不同背景的前移民定居的。这些地区也被称为“移民社区”，有着悠久的移民历史。尽管关于移民融合有广泛的政策和研究议程，但人们对长期移民在新移民定居方面的作用知之甚少。他们几乎没有得到政策的关注，也几乎没有经验证据表明，新来的移民最初到达时做了什么，以及他们是如何找到支持的。该项目询问哪些因素有助于新移民在这些到达地区定居和社会流动。它借鉴了抵达基础设施的概念，构成了促进抵达的行动者、机构和组织的集中，并将焦点放在长期移民所发挥的特殊作用上。长期定居的移民为新移民提供了什么样的支持？在多大程度上，特定的ai星座对新来者至关重要？还是存在剥削的形式，例如提供不符合标准的住房或低薪工作？该项目将超越新移民应该适应的“主流社会”的概念，并将焦点放在接收社会的广泛行动者上，而不仅仅是移民，从而在融合理论方面开辟新的领域。通过对多特蒙德、布鲁塞尔和伦敦抵达地区的比较，该项目将为当前移民定居过程提供重要的新知识。它将：-绘制每个社区的正式和非正式基础设施地点，从民族企业到民间社会组织和宗教场所。面对面的调查、问卷调查和对在这些网站工作的个人的访谈将评估他们在支持新来者方面的作用。-从新移民的角度评估这些地点的作用，方法是对移民进行深入访谈和参与观察。-评估每个地点不同的移民、融合和福利制度的作用，包括现有形式的不平等在形成人工智能方面的作用，以及长期移民支持新移民的能力。该项目将考察一系列人工智能无关领域：-公共空间：广场、交通枢纽、市场、公园、游乐场等-商业：小企业、洗衣店、网吧、理发店、美甲沙龙、报刊亭、移动电话商店、汇款机构、咖啡馆、餐馆等-民间社会：社区组织、宗教场所、非政府组织、语言课程、食品银行、体育俱乐部等-国家：图书馆、公民咨询、保健服务、语言课程等。该项目将提供有关移民定居战略和长期移民角色的新知识，从而产生经济和社会影响。人们往往认为，对定居的援助是通过正式渠道、机构和方案提供的，而理事会往往不了解新移民通过非正规渠道获得定居信息的情况。通过提供有关移民安置过程和人工智能作用的深入信息，该项目将为移民安置方面的联合政策制定创造一个权威的证据基础。这样，该项目将有助于提高公共服务的效率，并提高新移民的生活质量。

One of the big issues European societies face is the immigration of an increasing number of migrants from various parts of the world. While European states grapple with the management of immigration flows, the challenge faced on the ground is, in fact, the challenge of migrant inclusion and exclusion. Our established paradigms for examining immigration assume that migrants settle in areas populated by white national majorities, or that they join their co-ethnics in so called 'ethnic neighbourhoods'. However, today, new migrants often move into super-diverse places which are settled by previous migrants of various backgrounds. Such areas have also been described as 'arrival neighbourhoods' which have seen long histories of immigration. Although there is a wide-reaching policy and research agenda concerning migrant integration, little is known about the role of long-established migrants regarding newcomers' settlement. They have received scant policy attention and there is minimal empirical evidence on what incoming migrants do when they first arrive and how they find support. The project asks what factors facilitate the settlement and social mobility of newcomers in such arrival areas. It draws on the notion of arrival infrastructures, constituting a concentration of actors, institutions, and organisations which facilitate arrival, and putting the spotlight on the special role played by long-established migrants. What kind of support do long established migrants provide to newcomers? To what extent are particular constellations of AIs crucial for newcomers? Or are there forms of exploitation, for example by providing substandard housing or lowly paid jobs?The project will break new ground in integration theory by moving beyond ideas of 'mainstream society' to which newcomers should adapt, and by putting the spotlight on a wide range of actors in the receiving society, rather than just on migrants. Through a comparison of arrival areas in Dortmund, Brussels, and London, the project will contribute crucial new knowledge about current processes of migrant settlement. It will:- Map formal and informal infrastructural sites in each neighbourhood, ranging from ethnic businesses, to civil society organisations and religious sites. Face-to face surveys, questionnaires and interviews with individuals working in these sites will assess their role in supporting newcomers.- Assess the role of these sites from the point of view of newcomers by undertaking in-depth interviews and walk-along participant observation with migrants.- Assess the role of differing immigration, integration and welfare regimes in each site, including existing forms of inequality in shaping AIs and the ability of long-established migrants to support newcomers.The project will examine a range of AIs indifferent realms: - Public spaces: Squares, transport hubs, markets, parks, playgrounds, etc.- Businesses: Small enterprises, launderettes, Internet cafés, hairdressers, nail salons, newsagents, mobile phone shops, money transfer agencies, cafes, restaurants, etc.- Civil Society: Community organisations, religious sites, NGOs, language classes, food banks, sports clubs, etc.- State: Libraries, citizen's advice, health services, language classes, etc.The project will deliver economic and societal impact by providing new knowledge on migrants' settlement strategies and the role of long-established migrants. It is often assumed that assistance for settlement comes through formal channels, agencies and programmes, and councils often lack knowledge on the informal channels through which newcomers find settlement information. By providing in-depth information of settlement processes and the role of AIs, the project will create an authoritative evidence base for joined-up policy formulation with respect to migrant settlement. In doing so, the project will help to increase the effectiveness of public services and enhance the newcomers' quality of life.