INTERACT (Investigating New Types of Engagement, Response And Contact Technologies in Policing)

INTERACT（调查警务中新型参与、响应和联系技术）

• 批准号: ES/V00283X/1
• 负责人: Elizabeth Aston
• 金额: $ 89.54万
• 依托单位: Edinburgh Napier University
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2021 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ES%2FV00283X%2F1
• 关键词: INTERACT; Investigating; New; Types; Engagement

Over recent years, the ways in which members of the public can contact the police have undergone significant change. Whilst much contact is still face-to-face, many police organisations have introduced different types of communication technology, such as online reporting of crimes and answering of queries, body worn video cameras, mobile data terminals, and the use of social media accounts. As a result, the public is increasingly likely to encounter policing in ways that are 'technologically-mediated'. In the UK, the National Police Chiefs' Council supports this shift, and has a portfolio of work focused on developing technologies for use by the public to contact the police because, they believe, the public now expects that policing will be 'online' just as other services are. However, while attention is being paid to what technology can do, and particularly what it can do for the police, the public side of this encounter has barely been considered. Online reporting (for example) may appeal to some people, or be particularly useful for some crime types, but we do not know enough about how people experience these types of interactions to be confident that they will benefit everyone, in all circumstances. Nor do we know if and how these developments might affect the way people feel about, and act in relation to, the police. This project therefore focuses on understanding the implications of introducing technologies into conversations between the police and the public. Two main objectives are to explore how members of the public feel about these new developments, and to consider the ways in which the police can and should design their systems to better reflect people's needs and expectations. PoLITiC is designed to include a range of different groups and individuals, for example those who are more and less confident using digital technologies, and those with particular access needs (for example the deaf community). We aim to shape policy and practice, with a view to improving service provision. We will work closely with three police forces, with various communities, and with national policing organisations, so that our findings can directly and positively influence what the police do, and therefore what the public are able to do to access police services. We know that when people interact with the police they come to conclusions about how much they support the police, how good the police are at their jobs, and how much they trust what the police do. But this knowledge is based on research which assumes that most or all police and public contact happens face-to-face, person-to-person, as it has done for decades. At most a telephone may be involved. Given that this situation is changing, it is important that we reconsider our theories of public trust and police legitimacy, and explore if they are fit for purpose in the current environment and future-proof against new developments. PoLITiC therefore aims to explore police and public experiences and understandings of technologically-mediated contact by using methods such as interviews, focus groups, and extended observations to gain a deeper understanding of these new forms of contact in action. To help us understand how experiences may differ, we will carry out our research in a variety of different locations (for example urban and rural) and will work with various communities. We will also consider what it means for the police to be 'visible' and 'accessible' in a digital age and assess how the public feel about the different ways the police can be seen and contacted. A series of on-line experimental studies will complement the qualitative methods, and allow us to estimate the causal effects of, for example, different forms of mediation on trust. Using a variety of methods our research will develop understandings of police legitimacy in changing times, and allow us to recommend ways for the police to stay legitimate in the eyes of the public in the 21st century.

近年来，市民与警方联络的方式发生了重大变化。虽然很多接触仍然是面对面的，但许多警察组织已经引入了不同类型的通信技术，例如在线报告犯罪和回答问题，随身携带的摄像机，移动数据终端，以及使用社交媒体帐户。因此，公众越来越有可能以“技术媒介”的方式遇到警察。在英国，国家警察局长委员会（National Police Chiefs’Council）支持这一转变，并开展了一系列工作，重点开发供公众联系警察使用的技术，因为他们认为，公众现在希望警务工作能像其他服务一样“在线”。然而，当人们关注科技能做什么，尤其是它能为警方做什么时，这场遭遇的公众面却几乎没有被考虑到。例如，在线报告可能对某些人有吸引力，或者对某些犯罪类型特别有用，但我们对人们如何体验这些类型的互动了解不够，无法确信它们在所有情况下都会使每个人受益。我们也不知道这些发展是否以及如何影响人们对警察的看法和行动。因此，这个项目的重点是了解在警察和公众之间的对话中引入技术的影响。两个主要目的是探讨市民对这些新发展的看法，以及考虑警方可以和应该如何设计他们的制度，以更好地反映市民的需要和期望。PoLITiC旨在包括一系列不同的群体和个人，例如那些对使用数字技术或多或少有信心的人，以及那些有特殊访问需求的人（例如聋人社区）。我们的目标是制定政策和做法，以改善服务提供。我们将与三个警察部队、各个社区和国家警务组织密切合作，使我们的调查结果能够直接和积极地影响警察的行动，从而影响公众获得警察服务的方式。我们知道，当人们与警察互动时，他们会得出结论，他们在多大程度上支持警察，警察的工作有多出色，他们对警察的工作有多信任。但这种认识是基于这样一种假设，即大多数或所有警察与公众的接触都是面对面的，面对面的，就像几十年来所做的那样。最多可能涉及一部电话。鉴于这种情况正在发生变化，我们有必要重新考虑我们的公众信任和警察合法性理论，并探索它们是否适合当前环境的目的，以及是否能够抵御未来的新发展。因此，PoLITiC旨在通过访谈、焦点小组和扩展观察等方法，探索警察和公众对技术媒介接触的经验和理解，以更深入地了解这些新的接触形式。为了帮助我们理解体验的不同，我们将在不同的地点（例如城市和农村）开展研究，并将与不同的社区合作。我们还将考虑在数字时代，警察“可见”和“可接近”意味着什么，并评估公众对警察被看到和联系的不同方式的感受。一系列在线实验研究将补充定性方法，并允许我们估计因果效应，例如，不同形式的中介对信任的影响。通过使用多种方法，我们的研究将发展对不断变化的时代中警察合法性的理解，并使我们能够建议警察在21世纪在公众眼中保持合法性的方法。

项目成果

'Channel shift': Technologically mediated policing and procedural justice

“渠道转变”：技术介导的警务和程序正义

• DOI: 10.1177/14613557221132962
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: International Journal of Police Science & Management
• 作者: Wells H

Policing in Smart Societies - Reflections on the Abstract Police

智能社会的警务——对抽象警察的思考

• DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-83685-6_4
• 发表时间: 2022
• 作者: Aston E

The Abstract Police: Critical Reflections on contemporary change in police organizations

抽象警察：对警察组织当代变革的批判性反思

• 发表时间: 2022
• 作者: Bradford, B.