COVID-19: Food and Nutrition Security during and after the COVID-19 Pandemic

2019冠状病毒病大流行对英国和全球粮食和营养安全（FNS）产生了重大影响。该项目将开展世界领先的研究，为政府、企业和决策者提供制定强有力的食品安全系统应对当前大流行所需的证据。大流行正在对FNS的四大支柱造成重大冲击：获取；可用性;利用率和稳定性。例子包括生产力下降（劳动力限制）、粮食系统规范崩溃（分配、需求变化）和供应链限制（如作物管理用农用化学品短缺）。经济影响正在改变供应、分配和需求。总的来说，这些冲击正在极大地改变粮食系统，而从长期来看，正常的贸易过程可能无法适当适应，导致贸易商品平衡发生变化，粮食储备减少和价格上涨。粮食供应状况问题关系到所有社会成员，特别是那些最容易受到短缺或价格上涨影响的人。食品行业也是英国经济的重要组成部分，因为它每年贡献约1110亿英镑，占全国就业的13%以上。它是英国最大的制造业。该项目重点关注严重依赖全球市场的英国FNS。我们消费的食物近一半是进口的，英国畜牧业严重依赖进口饲料。为了供应国内市场，一些国家已经限制了出口。正常的市场力量、运输和分销网络可能不再适合满足国家的要求。一个优先事项是了解如何提高自力更生的能力，以维持公民稳定和健康的人口，并了解对第三国的影响。本研究的目的是对FNS进行初步的快速风险评估，并探索改变农业生产、贸易和分配的选择，以保护FNS而不危及更广泛的生态和气候目标。该研究方案将提供七个关键产出：考虑到COVID-19的直接和间接影响和应对措施如何传播粮食和营养安全风险的全球粮食系统快速风险评估报告。关于英国食品系统响应和脆弱性的快速风险评估报告，以及对获取、可用性、利用和稳定性的影响。3 .一组合理的情景，探讨大流行对粮食和营养安全影响的级联风险和后果。4 .报告可提高复原力的其他土地使用和管理方案。5 .土地利用和管理备选方案的空间评估报告和地图。报告，包括信息图表，审查从大流行病中吸取的教训，以改善粮食和营养安全。两次讲习班和其他宣传活动，并提出建议。所产生的知识和远见将适用于经济的多个部门，并具有价值。它将为英国和地方政府的政策支持和发展提供信息，并帮助工业和商业做出明智的决定和计划适应。所产生的信息将支持英国在全球贸易中的强势地位。现在确定数据差距将有助于改进对英国和全球范围内影响的监测。

The COVID-19 pandemic is having substantial consequences on UK and global food and nutrition security (FNS). This project will undertake world-leading research to provide government, business and decision makers with the evidence that they need to develop a robust FNS response to the current pandemic. The pandemic is causing major shocks to the four pillars of FNS: access; availability; utilisation and stability. Examples include reductions in productivity (labour limitations), breakdown of norms of food systems (distribution, changed demand) and supply chain restrictions (e.g. shortages of agri-chemicals for crop management). Economic impacts are altering both supply, distribution and demand. Collectively these shocks are substantially altering food systems whilst in the longer-term normal processes of trade may not adapt appropriately leading to changes in the balance of traded commodities, reduction in food reserves and price increases. The issue of FNS is relevant to all members of society, particularly for those most vulnerable to shortages or price increases. The food sector is also a major part of the UK economy, as it contributes approximately £111 billion a year and accounts for over 13% of national employment. It is the UK's largest manufacturing sector. The project focusses on UK FNS which is heavily dependent on global markets. Nearly half of the food we consume is imported and UK livestock industries rely heavily on imported feed. Some countries have already restricted exports in order to supply home markets. Normal market forces, transportation and distribution networks may no longer be appropriate to provide national requirements. A priority is to understand how to increase capacity for self-reliance to maintain civic stability, a healthy population and to understand the ramifications for third countries. The aim of this study is to conduct an initial rapid FNS risk assessment and explore options for changes in agricultural production, trade and distribution to protect FNS without jeopardising wider ecological and climate goals. The Research Programme will deliver seven key outputs:1. Report on rapid risk assessment of the global food system considering how direct and indirect COVID-19 impacts and responses are propagating risks to food and nutrition security.2. Report on Rapid risk assessment of UK food system responses and vulnerabilities and consequences on access, availability, utilisation and stability.3. A set of plausible scenarios to explore the cascading risks and consequences of pandemic impacts on food sand nutrition security.4. Report on alternative land use and management options that will increase resilience.5. Report and maps of the spatial assessment of the alternative land use and management options.6. Report including infographics reviewing lessons learned from the pandemic to improve Food and Nutrition Security.7. Two workshops and other dissemination events and report with recommendations.The knowledge and foresight generated will be applicable to and of value across multiple sectors of the economy. It will inform policy support and development within UK and devolved Governments and help industry and business make informed decisions and plan adaptations. Information generated will support the UK's strong position in global trade. Identifying data gaps now will enable improved monitoring of impacts, both at UK and global scales.