Power Politics and International Order in a Global Age

学者和政策制定者传统上将全球化与合作的自由主义国际秩序的兴起联系在一起（Doyle,2011; Gartzke, 2007; Ikenberry, 2001； Oneal和Russett， 1997）。然而，近年来，许多人注意到这一趋势的逆转：从俄罗斯的复仇主义到美中竞争，大国竞争已经回到国际事务中（Jahn,2018; Layne, 2018; Mead, 2014），创造了一个前所未有的经济相互依存水平与战略竞争和安全竞争相结合的世界（Goddard and nexon, 2016; Wright, 2017）。然而，基于先前对全球化整合效应的假设，现有理论对大国竞争在高度相互依存的世界经济背景下如何运作提供了很少的指导方针（参见Farrell和Newman， 2019）。在攻读博士学位期间，我试图通过研究“全球化的第一个时代”（约1870-1914年）来解决这一空白。根据最近关于国际秩序（布赞和劳森，2015年；扎拉科尔，2011年）和不平衡和综合发展（罗森伯格，2006年）的研究，我开发了一个原创的理论框架——“全球历史社会学”——用于分析权力政治、全球资本主义和国际秩序之间的相互关系。在此基础上，我的博士提出了“竞争性相互依存”的新历史和理论，展示了特定社会融入现代世界经济的不同方式和时间如何推动国家之间的地缘政治竞争。通过对美国外交关系的案例研究，我展示了这种竞争激烈的全球背景如何在1914年之前促进了军国主义在美国社会中的兴起。这个奖学金将使我有机会发表我博士的核心发现。为此目的，将向主要的国际关系和政治科学期刊提交三篇主要学术文章。我还将在研究研讨会和国际会议上展示我的工作。这些传播活动将使我能够(1)通过出版出版物巩固我的博士学位；(2)向学术界传达本人的研究成果；(3)拓展研究网络；(4)提高我的表达和沟通能力。这将提高我的作品的知名度，使其在不久的将来有能力产生学术影响。我还将利用奖学金进行有限数量的进一步研究。由于我的博士研究方向是美国，我将利用奖学金对大英帝国的军国主义进行初步研究，从而为我的工作增加一个比较的维度。这将为我向剑桥大学出版社提出的专著提案奠定基础。以我的博士学位为基础，加上在奖学金期间开始的额外研究，这本书将对社会科学做出重大贡献，因为它首次对一战前美国和英国的军国主义进行了比较研究。最后，这个奖学金将使我有机会参与重要的影响力活动和专业发展。我将与新加坡国立大学的同事（伊蒂·亚伯拉罕教授和张忠贞博士）合作，在2018年与他们共同组织了一个活动，我将以“崛起的大国：从世界历史中吸取教训”为主题，举办一个利益相关者研讨会。这将使我能够与英国外交政策智囊团建立关系，如入寺研究所、查塔姆研究所和工党外交政策小组，他们将被邀请参加研讨会。与我的前伦敦经济学院同事阿德里安·罗格斯塔德（莱顿大学），我还将在欧洲国际研究协会（EISA）会议（2022年）上共同组织一个关于“竞争相互依存政治”的研讨会。这些行动将增加我工作的可见度，创造未来影响的机会，并促进我从博士生向早期职业研究员的过渡。

Scholars and policymakers traditionally associate globalisation with the rise of a cooperative liberal international order (Doyle,2011; Gartzke, 2007; Ikenberry, 2001; Oneal and Russett, 1997). In recent years, however, many have noted a reversal of this trend: from Russian revanchism to the US-China rivalry, great power competition has returned to international affairs (Jahn,2018; Layne, 2018; Mead, 2014), creating a world where unprecedented levels of economic interdependence are combined with strategic rivalry and security competition (Goddard andNexon, 2016; Wright, 2017). Yet, based on prior assumptions about globalisation's integrative effects, existing theory provides few guidelines as to how great power competition might operate in the context of a highly interdependent world economy (cf. Farrell and Newman, 2019).During my doctorate, I sought to address this lacuna by examining the 'first era of globalisation,' c. 1870-1914. Drawing from recent work on international order (Buzan and Lawson, 2015; Zarakol,2011) and uneven and combined development (Rosenberg,2006), I developed an original theoretical framework - 'Global Historical Sociology' - for analysing the inter-relations between power politics, global capitalism, and international order. On this basis, my PhD offered a new history and theory of 'competitive interdependence,' demonstrating how the divergent manner and timing of particular societies' incorporation into the modern world economy could drive geopolitical competition among states. Using a case study of US foreign relations, I showed how this competitive global context helped foster the rise of militarism within American society before 1914. This Fellowship would give me the opportunity to publish the core findings of my PhD. To this end, three major academic articles will be submitted to leading International Relations and Political Science journals. I will also present my work at research seminars and international conferences. These dissemination activities will allow me to (1) consolidate my PhD through developing publications; (2) communicate my research findings to the academic community; (3) expand my research networks; and (4) enhance my presentational and communications skills. This wil lincrease the visibility of my work, giving it the ability to have an academic impact in the near future.I will also use the Fellowship to undertake a limited amount of further research. As my PhD focused on the United States, I will utilise the Fellowship to conduct preliminary research on militarism in the British Empire, thus adding a comparative dimension to my work. This will lay the foundations for my monograph proposal for Cambridge University Press. Building on my PhD, together withthe additional research commenced during this Fellowship, the book will make a major contribution to the social sciences by presenting the first ever comparative study of militarism in the US and UK before World War One.Finally, this Fellowship will give me the opportunity to engage in significant impact activities and professional development. Working with NUS colleagues (Professor Itty Abraham and Dr IanJa Chong), with whom I co-organised an event in 2018, I will deliver a stake holder workshop on the theme of 'Rising Powers: Lessons from World History.' This will enable me to build relationships with UK foreign policy think thanks, such as RUSI, Chatham House, and the Labour Foreign Policy Group, who will be invited to the workshop. With my former LSE colleague, Adrian Rogstad (Leiden University), I will also co-organise a workshop on the 'Politics of Competitive Interdependence' at the European International Studies Association (EISA) conference (2022). These actions will increase the visibility of my work, create future impact opportunities, and facilitate my transition from a doctoral student to an early career researcher.