Power Politics and International Order in a Global Age

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Scholars and policymakers traditionally associate globalisation with the rise of a cooperative liberal international order (Doyle,2011; Gartzke, 2007; Ikenberry, 2001; Oneal and Russett, 1997). In recent years, however, many have noted a reversal of this trend: from Russian revanchism to the US-China rivalry, great power competition has returned to international affairs (Jahn,2018; Layne, 2018; Mead, 2014), creating a world where unprecedented levels of economic interdependence are combined with strategic rivalry and security competition (Goddard andNexon, 2016; Wright, 2017). Yet, based on prior assumptions about globalisation's integrative effects, existing theory provides few guidelines as to how great power competition might operate in the context of a highly interdependent world economy (cf. Farrell and Newman, 2019).During my doctorate, I sought to address this lacuna by examining the 'first era of globalisation,' c. 1870-1914. Drawing from recent work on international order (Buzan and Lawson, 2015; Zarakol,2011) and uneven and combined development (Rosenberg,2006), I developed an original theoretical framework - 'Global Historical Sociology' - for analysing the inter-relations between power politics, global capitalism, and international order. On this basis, my PhD offered a new history and theory of 'competitive interdependence,' demonstrating how the divergent manner and timing of particular societies' incorporation into the modern world economy could drive geopolitical competition among states. Using a case study of US foreign relations, I showed how this competitive global context helped foster the rise of militarism within American society before 1914. This Fellowship would give me the opportunity to publish the core findings of my PhD. To this end, three major academic articles will be submitted to leading International Relations and Political Science journals. I will also present my work at research seminars and international conferences. These dissemination activities will allow me to (1) consolidate my PhD through developing publications; (2) communicate my research findings to the academic community; (3) expand my research networks; and (4) enhance my presentational and communications skills. This wil lincrease the visibility of my work, giving it the ability to have an academic impact in the near future.I will also use the Fellowship to undertake a limited amount of further research. As my PhD focused on the United States, I will utilise the Fellowship to conduct preliminary research on militarism in the British Empire, thus adding a comparative dimension to my work. This will lay the foundations for my monograph proposal for Cambridge University Press. Building on my PhD, together withthe additional research commenced during this Fellowship, the book will make a major contribution to the social sciences by presenting the first ever comparative study of militarism in the US and UK before World War One.Finally, this Fellowship will give me the opportunity to engage in significant impact activities and professional development. Working with NUS colleagues (Professor Itty Abraham and Dr IanJa Chong), with whom I co-organised an event in 2018, I will deliver a stake holder workshop on the theme of 'Rising Powers: Lessons from World History.' This will enable me to build relationships with UK foreign policy think thanks, such as RUSI, Chatham House, and the Labour Foreign Policy Group, who will be invited to the workshop. With my former LSE colleague, Adrian Rogstad (Leiden University), I will also co-organise a workshop on the 'Politics of Competitive Interdependence' at the European International Studies Association (EISA) conference (2022). These actions will increase the visibility of my work, create future impact opportunities, and facilitate my transition from a doctoral student to an early career researcher.