MRC Centre for Transplantation

器官移植挽救了成千上万人的生命，但移植的持续时间仍然不够长。此外，为了防止排斥反应，高剂量的有毒药物被用来抑制免疫反应。这些不仅会损害移植，而且可能会对接受者产生致命的副作用。自2007年10月启动以来，该中心在改善需要移植的人的健康方面取得了重大进展。我们已经想出了让他们的移植器官存活更长时间的方法。这包括开发工程蛋白，当将其植入供体肾脏时，可以减少移植后的炎症和血液凝块的形成。此外，我们还开创了危害更小、更自然的方法，利用患者身上的细胞诱使免疫系统接受移植。值得注意的是，由于对免疫系统的监测，我们接近能够判断哪些患者可以在不排斥移植物的情况下停止服用传统疗法。与此同时，我们正在开发先进的扫描技术，使医生能够诊断移植是否发炎，并提供适当的治疗。随着我们接近下一个五年的发展，我们将进行临床试验，以确定这些创新是否可以像基础研究承诺的那样使医疗保健受益。潜在的好处包括延长移植的寿命，并为更多有需要的人提供移植。我们还支持更有可能取得成功的新的科学分支。这种复杂性的进步是通过将大量的科学家、临床医生和技术专家聚集在一起而成为可能的。MRC移植中心已经在英国建立了这种能力。它与国王学院医疗法律和道德中心合作，确保在移植研究的监管和道德方面进行高标准的沟通和公众参与。一个特别活动和媒体报道的计划将有助于在创新期间让公众和患者了解情况。卫生经济学家也将成为该中心的一部分，以提供机会对我们研究的成本和潜在收益做出更准确的预测。未来的成功将取决于招募和培训最聪明的人才，以在未来5-10年的发展中交付这项工作，并确保研究转化为社会效益和经济效益。

Organ transplantation has saved the lives of many thousands of people, but transplants still don't last as long as they should. In addition, to prevent rejection, high doses of toxic drugs are used to dampen the immune response. These can not only harm the transplant, but can have lethal side effects on the recipient. Since it started in October 2007, the Centre has made significant progress towards improving the health of people who need transplants. We have devised ways to make their transplanted organ survive longer. This includes the development of engineered proteins which, when planted in donor kidneys, reduce inflammation and blood clot formation after transplantation. In addition, we have pioneered less harmful, more natural methods to coax the immune system into accepting the transplant, using cells taken from the patient. Remarkably, as a result of monitoring the immune system, we are close to being able to judge which patients can stop taking conventional therapy without rejecting the graft. At the same time, we are developing advanced scanning techniques that will enable physicians to diagnose whether a transplant is inflamed and to offer appropriate treatment. As we approach the next five years of development, we shall conduct clinical trials to establish whether these innovations can benefit healthcare as the basic research has promised. Potential benefits include extending the life of the transplant and offering transplantation to more of those in need. We are also supporting new branches of science that make success more likely. Advances of this complexity are made possible by bringing together a large workforce of scientists, clinicians and technologists under the same roof. The MRC Centre for Transplantation has created this capability within the UK. It collaborates with the Centre for Medical Law and Ethics at King's College to ensure a high standard of communication and public engagement regarding the regulation and ethics of transplant research. A programme of special events and media coverage will help keep the public and patients informed during innovation. Health economists are also to be part of the Centre to provide the opportunity to make more accurate forecasts about the costs and potential benefits of our research. Future success will depend on recruiting and training the brightest minds to deliver this work through the next 5-10 years of development and ensure the research is translated into social and economic benefit.