ENERGY EXPENDITURE, DIET AND BODY FAT IN CHILDREN

儿童的能量消耗、饮食和身体脂肪

• 批准号: 2835670
• 负责人: JUDITH Lynne WEBER
• 金额: $ 32.33万
• 依托单位: ARKANSAS CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL RES INST
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1999-09-30 至 2002-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2835670
• 关键词: Native Americans; adipose tissue; adolescence (12-20); bioenergetics; body composition; body physical activity; clinical research; diet; gender difference; human subject; longitudinal human study; middle childhood (6-11); nutrition related tag; questionnaires; radionuclide double label; water

Obesity is highly prevalent in American Indian children, increasing their risk for the development of cardiovascular disease, hypertension and diabetes. Although increasing energy expenditure, through increasing physical activity, and decreasing dietary fat intake should slow the rate of body fat gain, it appears that children actually decrease their physical activity as they mature from pre-to post-pubescence. Several studies have shown that the decline in activity is greater in females than in males, and greater in non-whites than in whites; however, other studies have not supported these findings. Further, there are no data available in American Indian children, which is a population at greatest risk. Additionally, inconsistencies have been reported with respect to the relationship between body weight or body fat and energy intake or dietary fat intake. At the heart of the problem is the difficulty in measuring self-reported physical activity and dietary intake accurately. Accurate self- report measures are necessary for use in the large scale studies that are required to investigate relationships between physical activity and dietary intake and disease. The Healthy People 2000: National Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Objectives include seven objectives emphasizing increasing physical activity in children and adolescents. In support of Healthy People 2000, the National Institutes of Health: National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute has published a Program Announcement (PA-95- 004)entitled, Physical Activity and Cardiopulmonary Health, to solicit well-defined studies in the area of physical activity related to cardiovascular disease risk factors. This study is a combined longitudinal and cross-sectional design in which we will modify the best existing methods for the self-report of physical activity and dietary intake in children and adolescents, and evaluate their validity using total energy expenditure (TEE) measured by doubly labeled water (DLW) as the criterion. We will then use these methods to measure physical activity and dietary intake in two age cohorts of male and female American Indian children (8-10-years and 11-13-years) at baseline and two years later, with two sets of interim measurements. Change in TEE from baseline to the two-year follow-up will also be measured using DLW and the TriTrac accelerometer. Equations for the estimation of percent body fat will be cross-validated for this population. The proposed study will fill an existing gap by improving existing instruments for the measurement of physical activity and dietary intake in children and adolescents, and will provide longitudinal data on change in these variables in the same children over time, plus provide cross-sectional data for each age and gender group to compare to the existing literature.

肥胖在美洲印第安儿童中非常普遍，增加了他们患心血管疾病，高血压和糖尿病的风险。 尽管增加能量消耗，通过增加体育锻炼和减少饮食脂肪的摄入量应减缓体内脂肪的增加速度，但似乎儿童实际上会随着青春期前到青年时的成熟而减少身体活动。 几项研究表明，女性的活性下降要比男性大，而在非白人中的活性下降大于白人。但是，其他研究不支持这些发现。 此外，美洲印第安儿童没有可用的数据，这是一个最大风险的人口。 此外，已经报道了体重或体重脂肪与能量摄入或饮食脂肪摄入之间的关系的不一致之处。 问题的核心是难以测量自我报告的体育锻炼和饮食摄入量。 准确的自我报告措施对于研究身体活动与饮食摄入与疾病之间的关系所需的大规模研究是必要的。 《健康人》 2000年：全国健康促进和疾病的预防目标包括七个目标，强调儿童和青少年的体育锻炼增加。 为了支持健康人2000年，美国国立卫生研究院：国家心脏，肺和血液研究所发表了计划公告（PA-95- 004），题为“体育活动和心肺健康”，以在与心血管疾病危险风险因素有关的体育活动领域中征集明确定义的研究。 这项研究是一种纵向和横截面设计，我们将修改儿童和青少年的体育活动和饮食摄入量的最佳现有方法，并使用双重标记的水（DLW）测量的总能量消耗（TEE）评估其有效性。 然后，我们将使用这些方法在基线和两年后的两个年龄群体中测量男性和女性印度儿童（8-10岁和11 - 13年）的两个年龄群中的体育锻炼和饮食摄入量，并进行了两组临时测量。 从基线到两年随访的T恤的变化也将使用DLW和TRITRAC加速度计测量。 对于该人群，将对体内脂肪百分比百分比的方程式进行交叉验证。拟议的研究将通过改善现有工具来测量儿童和青少年的体育活动和饮食摄入量来填补现有差距，并将随着时间的推移提供有关这些变量变化的纵向数据，并为每个年龄段和性别组提供与现有文献相比的横断面数据。