EFFECTS OF AMBIENT AIR POLLUTANTS ON ANNUAL MORTALITY

环境空气污染物对年死亡率的影响

• 批准号: 2910992
• 负责人: George Douglas Thurston
• 金额: $ 24.56万
• 依托单位: NEW YORK UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1999-09-15 至 2002-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2910992
• 关键词: air pollution; clinical research; disease /disorder proneness /risk; human data; human mortality; longevity; particle; respiratory disorder epidemiology; statistics /biometry

DESCRIPTION: (Adapted from the Investigator's Abstract) The recent NAS PM Research Priorities report highlighted the need to "investigate through toxicological and epidemiological studies the interactions between particulate matter and gaseous co-pollutants introducing harmful short-term and long-term exposures and resolving adverse health effects." Two prospective cohort studies (Harvard 6-cities and American Cancer Society) showed significant excess annual total, cardiopulmonary, and lung cancer mortality in proportion to annual average fine particle mass concentration (PM2.5) and/or sulfate aerosol concentration. The specific aims of this research are to test the hypotheses that: 1) gaseous pollutants play a role in the excess annual cardiopulmonary mortality that has been associated with PM2.5 and sulfate; 2) lung cancer mortality rates are enhanced by particulate air pollution; and 3) the mortality that has been associated with PM results in substantial life shortening. The overall objective of this research is to answer these questions by a major expansion of the previously published ACS cohort mortality-air pollution investigation including a two-fold increase in the number of death records that will be used in the analyses. The technical approaches to be applied for this research are extensions of those used in the previously published ACS study. The multiple pollutant regression analyses will be based on the Cox proportional hazards model. For ambient pollutant concentration data sets, we will use the EPA's AIRS database, the fine particle database from EPA's Inhalable Particulate (IP) network, nationwide historical weather and visibility records, and in-house data for artifact-free PM2.5 sulfate in 66 U.S. communities in 1990. The results expected are more comprehensive and detailed analyses of the mortality experience of the ACS prospective cohort population in relation to ambient concentrations of air pollutants in the communities in which they reside. In addition to the PM2.5 analyses in relation to annual mortality rates, we will produce proportional hazards analyses using PM2.5, sulfate, 03, CO, SO2, and NO2 in order to determine the independent and/or combined effects of the major components of the ambient pollution mixture. By expanding the scope of pollutants and the consideration of other modeling approaches to better account for the influences of personal risk factors, we expect to clarify the roles of specific pollutant factors and to more precisely determine rates for specific annual mortality causes, the influence of individual risk factors among the population segments, and the extent of life-span reduction attributable to exposure to air pollutants.

描述：（根据调查员的摘要改编）最近的NAS PM 研究优先级报告强调了“通过 毒理学和流行病学研究颗粒之间的相互作用 物质和气态共污染物引入有害的短期和长期 暴露和解决不利的健康影响。”两项前瞻性队列研究 （哈佛6城市和美国癌症学会）显示了年度大量过剩 每年的总体，心肺和肺癌死亡率 平均细颗粒质量浓度（PM2.5）和/或硫酸盐气溶胶 专注。这项研究的具体目的是检验假设 那就是：1）气态污染物在多余的年度心肺中发挥作用 与PM2.5和硫酸盐有关的死亡率； 2）肺癌 颗粒空气污染提高了死亡率； 3）死亡率 这与PM有关，从而导致大量寿命缩短。这 这项研究的总体目的是由大专业回答这些问题 扩大先前发表的ACS队列死亡率空气污染 调查包括死亡记录数量增加两倍 将用于分析。 该研究的技术方法是 那些在先前发表的ACS研究中使用的。多重污染物 回归分析将基于COX比例危害模型。为了 环境污染物浓度数据集，我们将使用EPA的AIRS数据库， 来自EPA的可吸入颗粒（IP）网络的细粒子数据库， 全国的历史天气和可见度记录，以及内部数据 1990年，美国66个社区的无伪影PM2.5硫酸盐。 预期的结果是对 ACS前瞻性队列人口的死亡率经验与 在其所在社区中的空气污染物的环境浓度 居住。除了与年死亡率有关的PM2.5分析 速率，我们将使用PM2.5，硫酸盐，03， CO，SO2和NO2，以确定独立和/或组合效果 环境污染混合物的主要组成部分。通过扩展 污染物的范围以及对其他建模方法的考虑 更好地说明个人风险因素的影响，我们期望 阐明特定污染物因子的作用，并更准确地确定 特定年死亡率原因的费率，个人风险的影响 人口细分市场中的因素以及减少寿命的程度 归因于暴露于空气污染物。