EFFECTS OF AMBIENT AIR POLLUTANTS ON ANNUAL MORTALITY

描述：（改编自研究者摘要）最近的NAS PM 研究优先事项报告强调，需要“调查， 毒理学和流行病学研究， 物质和气体共同污染物，造成短期和长期有害 暴露和解决不良健康影响。“两项前瞻性队列研究 （哈佛6个城市和美国癌症协会）显示， 总死亡率、心肺癌死亡率和肺癌死亡率与年死亡率的比例 平均细颗粒物质量浓度（PM2.5）和/或硫酸盐气溶胶 浓度.本研究的具体目的是检验假设 认为：1）气态污染物在每年过量的心肺功能中起作用， 与PM2.5和硫酸盐相关的死亡率; 2）肺癌 死亡率增加的颗粒空气污染;和3）死亡率 与PM相关的污染会导致寿命显著缩短。的 本研究的总体目标是通过一个主要的 扩展了先前发表的ACS队列死亡率-空气污染 调查包括死亡记录数量增加两倍， 将用于分析。 本研究所采用的技术方法是 在先前发表的ACS研究中使用的那些。多种污染物 回归分析将基于考克斯比例风险模型。为 环境污染物浓度数据集，我们将使用EPA的AIRS数据库， 来自EPA可吸入颗粒（IP）网络的细颗粒数据库， 全国范围内的历史天气和能见度记录，以及 1990年，美国66个社区的PM2.5硫酸盐含量。 预期的结果是， ACS前瞻性队列人群与以下疾病相关的死亡率经验 空气污染物在社区的环境浓度， 居住。除了PM2.5与年死亡率的相关分析外， 率，我们将使用PM2.5，硫酸盐，03， CO、SO2和NO2，以确定独立和/或组合效应 环境污染混合物的主要成分。通过扩大 污染物的范围和考虑其他建模方法， 为了更好地解释个人风险因素的影响，我们希望 明确具体污染因素的作用，并更准确地确定 具体的年死亡率，个人风险的影响 人口各部分之间的因素，以及寿命缩短的程度 由于暴露于空气污染物。

DESCRIPTION: (Adapted from the Investigator's Abstract) The recent NAS PM Research Priorities report highlighted the need to "investigate through toxicological and epidemiological studies the interactions between particulate matter and gaseous co-pollutants introducing harmful short-term and long-term exposures and resolving adverse health effects." Two prospective cohort studies (Harvard 6-cities and American Cancer Society) showed significant excess annual total, cardiopulmonary, and lung cancer mortality in proportion to annual average fine particle mass concentration (PM2.5) and/or sulfate aerosol concentration. The specific aims of this research are to test the hypotheses that: 1) gaseous pollutants play a role in the excess annual cardiopulmonary mortality that has been associated with PM2.5 and sulfate; 2) lung cancer mortality rates are enhanced by particulate air pollution; and 3) the mortality that has been associated with PM results in substantial life shortening. The overall objective of this research is to answer these questions by a major expansion of the previously published ACS cohort mortality-air pollution investigation including a two-fold increase in the number of death records that will be used in the analyses. The technical approaches to be applied for this research are extensions of those used in the previously published ACS study. The multiple pollutant regression analyses will be based on the Cox proportional hazards model. For ambient pollutant concentration data sets, we will use the EPA's AIRS database, the fine particle database from EPA's Inhalable Particulate (IP) network, nationwide historical weather and visibility records, and in-house data for artifact-free PM2.5 sulfate in 66 U.S. communities in 1990. The results expected are more comprehensive and detailed analyses of the mortality experience of the ACS prospective cohort population in relation to ambient concentrations of air pollutants in the communities in which they reside. In addition to the PM2.5 analyses in relation to annual mortality rates, we will produce proportional hazards analyses using PM2.5, sulfate, 03, CO, SO2, and NO2 in order to determine the independent and/or combined effects of the major components of the ambient pollution mixture. By expanding the scope of pollutants and the consideration of other modeling approaches to better account for the influences of personal risk factors, we expect to clarify the roles of specific pollutant factors and to more precisely determine rates for specific annual mortality causes, the influence of individual risk factors among the population segments, and the extent of life-span reduction attributable to exposure to air pollutants.