EFFECTS OF AMBIENT AIR POLLUTANTS ON ANNUAL MORTALITY

环境空气污染物对年死亡率的影响

• 批准号: 6178563
• 负责人: George Douglas Thurston
• 金额: $ 23.22万
• 依托单位: NEW YORK UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1999-09-15 至 2002-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6178563
• 关键词: air pollution; clinical research; disease /disorder proneness /risk; human data; human mortality; longevity; particle; respiratory disorder epidemiology; statistics /biometry

DESCRIPTION: (Adapted from the Investigator's Abstract) The recent NAS PM Research Priorities report highlighted the need to "investigate through toxicological and epidemiological studies the interactions between particulate matter and gaseous co-pollutants introducing harmful short-term and long-term exposures and resolving adverse health effects." Two prospective cohort studies (Harvard 6-cities and American Cancer Society) showed significant excess annual total, cardiopulmonary, and lung cancer mortality in proportion to annual average fine particle mass concentration (PM2.5) and/or sulfate aerosol concentration. The specific aims of this research are to test the hypotheses that: 1) gaseous pollutants play a role in the excess annual cardiopulmonary mortality that has been associated with PM2.5 and sulfate; 2) lung cancer mortality rates are enhanced by particulate air pollution; and 3) the mortality that has been associated with PM results in substantial life shortening. The overall objective of this research is to answer these questions by a major expansion of the previously published ACS cohort mortality-air pollution investigation including a two-fold increase in the number of death records that will be used in the analyses. The technical approaches to be applied for this research are extensions of those used in the previously published ACS study. The multiple pollutant regression analyses will be based on the Cox proportional hazards model. For ambient pollutant concentration data sets, we will use the EPA's AIRS database, the fine particle database from EPA's Inhalable Particulate (IP) network, nationwide historical weather and visibility records, and in-house data for artifact-free PM2.5 sulfate in 66 U.S. communities in 1990. The results expected are more comprehensive and detailed analyses of the mortality experience of the ACS prospective cohort population in relation to ambient concentrations of air pollutants in the communities in which they reside. In addition to the PM2.5 analyses in relation to annual mortality rates, we will produce proportional hazards analyses using PM2.5, sulfate, 03, CO, SO2, and NO2 in order to determine the independent and/or combined effects of the major components of the ambient pollution mixture. By expanding the scope of pollutants and the consideration of other modeling approaches to better account for the influences of personal risk factors, we expect to clarify the roles of specific pollutant factors and to more precisely determine rates for specific annual mortality causes, the influence of individual risk factors among the population segments, and the extent of life-span reduction attributable to exposure to air pollutants.

描述：（改编自研究者摘要）最近的 NAS PM 研究重点报告强调需要“调查 毒理学和流行病学研究颗粒物之间的相互作用 引入短期和长期有害的物质和气态共污染物 暴露和解决不良健康影响。”两项前瞻性队列研究 （哈佛 6 个城市和美国癌症协会）每年显示显着超额 心肺病和肺癌死亡率占每年的比例 平均细颗粒质量浓度 (PM2.5) 和/或硫酸盐气溶胶 专注。这项研究的具体目的是检验假设 认为：1）气态污染物对每年超额心肺功能起作用 与 PM2.5 和硫酸盐相关的死亡率； 2）肺癌 空气颗粒物污染会增加死亡率； 3）死亡率 与 PM 相关的物质会导致寿命大幅缩短。这 这项研究的总体目标是通过主要研究来回答这些问题 先前发表的 ACS 队列死亡率-空气污染的扩展 调查包括死亡记录数量增加两倍 将在分析中使用。 本研究所采用的技术方法是以下技术的延伸 先前发表的 ACS 研究中使用的那些。多重污染物 回归分析将基于 Cox 比例风险模型。为了 环境污染物浓度数据集，我们将使用EPA的AIRS数据库， 来自 EPA 可吸入颗粒 (IP) 网络的细颗粒数据库， 全国历史天气和能见度记录以及内部数据 1990 年，美国 66 个社区的 PM2.5 硫酸盐无伪影。 预期的结果是更全面、更详细的分析 ACS 前瞻性队列人群的死亡率经历 他们所在社区空气污染物的环境浓度 居住。除了与年死亡率相关的 PM2.5 分析之外 率，我们将使用 PM2.5、硫酸盐、03、 CO、SO2 和 NO2，以确定独立和/或综合影响 环境污染混合物的主要成分。通过扩大 污染物的范围以及其他建模方法的考虑 更好地考虑个人风险因素的影响，我们期望 明确特定污染物因素的作用并更准确地确定 特定年度死亡率、个人风险的影响 人口部分之间的因素以及寿命缩短的程度 归因于接触空气污染物。