UNDERSTANDING CHILDHOOD CONDUCT PROBLEMS AND DEPRESSION

这个RSA申请的目的是扩展候选人理解两种儿童障碍的发展、预防和治疗的能力：行为问题和抑郁症。候选人提出两个研究项目和一个专业发展计划。第一个项目（NIMH R01-50907）的目标是确定从婴儿期到童年中期导致反社会行为的发展途径。第一个假设是，父母-婴儿在第一年的互动，以婴儿的要求和母亲的无反应为特征，导致了学龄前的强制性互动循环，这反过来又传播到孩子与兄弟姐妹、同龄人和学龄教师的关系中。进一步的假设是，已经建立了行为问题模式的幼儿，被照顾者拒绝，与成年人和兄弟姐妹表现出强制性的互动模式，更有可能在6-12岁时表现出持续的行为问题模式。这个模型将在310名来自低收入家庭的不同种族的男孩身上进行测试，他们从婴儿期一直跟踪到学龄。第二个项目（NIMH PO1-56193）的目标是调查患有儿童期发病抑郁症（COD）的母亲的后代的情绪调节死亡的选择属性和机制，这些属性和机制可能会导致孩子自己患抑郁症的风险。将COD组的后代与另外两组进行比较：(1)患有儿童期焦虑障碍（AD）的先证者的后代，(2)没有儿童期焦虑障碍（NCOD）的先证者的后代。假设在COD家庭中，与AD和NCOD家庭相比，在(1)儿童的调节策略、(2)母亲属性和(3)母亲教养方面存在更大的损害。将采用加速纵向设计，以便在项目的五年跨度内，从1岁到9岁，可以横向和纵向地评估组间差异。参与者将包括132名COD、AD和NCOD先证者的后代。RSA的目的是允许候选人进行这两个研究项目，提高他培养学生的能力，并通过拓宽他在研究设计和方法、心理生理学、文化背景和干预研究方面的知识来促进他的专业发展。

The aim of this RSA application is to expand the candidate's ability to understand the development, prevention, and treatment of two types of childhood disorders: conduct problems and depression. The candidate proposes two programs of research and a plan for professional development. The goal of the first program (NIMH R01-50907) is to identify developmental pathways leading to antisocial behavior from infancy to middle childhood. The first hypothesis is that parent-infant interaction in the first year, characterized by infant demandingness and maternal unresponsiveness, leads to coercive cycles of interaction at preschool-age, which in turn spread to relationships the child has with siblings, peers, and teachers at school-age. It is further hypothesized that the young child who as established a pattern of conduct problems, has been rejected by caregivers, and has shown coercive patterns of interaction with adults and siblings will more likely demonstrate a persistent pattern of conduct problems from ages 6-12. This model will be tested with a sample of 310, ethnically diverse boys from low-income families followed from infancy through school-age. The goal of the second program (NIMH PO1-56193) is to investigate selected attributes and mechanisms of emotion-regulatory kills in the offspring of mothers with childhood-onset depression (COD) that may contribute to the children's own risk for depressive disorders. The offspring in the COD group will be compared with two others: (1) the offspring of probands with childhood-onset anxiety disorder (AD), and (2) the offspring of probands with no childhood-onset disorder (NCOD). It is hypothesized that in COD families, there will be greater impairment in (1) the child's regulatory strategies, (2) maternal attributes, and (3) maternal parenting, in comparison to AD and NCOD families. An accelerated longitudinal design will be utilized so that group differences can be evaluated cross-sectionally and longitudinally from ages 1 to 9 during the five-year span of the project. Participants will include 132 offspring of COD, AD, and NCOD probands. The purpose of the RSA is to permit the candidate to conduct these two programs of research, to enhance his ability to train students, and to increase his professional development by broadening his knowledge of research design and methods, psychophysiology, cultural context, and intervention research.