New Methods in Basic and Applied Research on Drug Use Risk

描述（由申请人提供）：建议的K 05 RSA将集中在以下三个方面，以改善候选人的职业发展：1）了解更多与反社会行为（AB）和药物使用有关的遗传学和大脑回路; 2）进一步开发家庭检查干预用于不同年龄组和高危人群; 3）了解更多关于基于研究的干预计划，社区需求和社会政策之间的接口。从职业发展计划中获得的技能应该对候选人的研究有短期和长期的应用。候选人建议进行四项资助的研究计划。计划I（NIMH R 01 -50907）旨在通过跟踪一组1.5至18岁的低收入男性青年，促进我们对反社会行为（AB）早期和晚期启动途径的前体的理解。计划II，早期步骤-多地点（ES-M）项目（NIDA R 01 016110），是一项针对儿童早期和中期家庭和家庭外影响的预防研究，以降低早发AB，药物使用和HIV风险。计划三，父母参与和家庭外环境项目（NIDA R 01 023245），使用家庭从ES-M样本检查的贡献邻里，学校和放学后的护理环境中的药物使用风险在童年中期，以及如何在这些家庭外环境中的父母参与可能会削弱家庭外风险因素对药物使用风险的影响。计划IV代表了两项研究，作为早期生长和发育研究（EGDS，NICHD R 01 12709）的扩展。这两项研究（NICHD R 01 042608和NIDA R 01 020585）都使用了收养设计来研究遗传因素、产前药物暴露和亲子关系影响儿童早期问题行为和社会能力的发展途径的机制。K 05 RSA的目的是允许候选人进行研究的这四个方案，并扩大他的理解有关的基本和应用问题的预防药物使用风险从幼儿到青春期。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The proposed K05 RSA will focus on the following three areas to improve the candidate's career development: 1) learning more about genetics and brain circuitry related to the development of antisocial behavior (AB) and drug use; 2) further developing the use of the Family Check Up intervention for use with different age groups and at-risk populations; and 3) learning more about the interface among research-based intervention programs, community needs, and social policy. Skills acquired from the career development plan should have both short- and long-term applications to the candidate's research. The candidate proposes to conduct four funded programs of research. Program I (NIMH R01-50907) seeks to advance our understanding of the precursors of early- and late-starting pathways of antisocial behavior (AB) by following a cohort of low-income, male youth from ages 1.5 to 18. Program II, the Early Steps - Multisite (ES-M) Project (NIDA R01 016110), is a prevention study targeting family and extra-familial influences in early and middle childhood to reduce risk for early-onset AB, drug use, and HIV risk. Program III, the Parental Involvement and Extra-Familial Contexts Project (NIDA R01 023245), uses families from the ES-M sample to examine the contributions of neighborhood, school, and after-school care contexts in relation to drug use risk during middle childhood, and how parental involvement in these extra-familial settings may attenuate effects of extra-familial risk factors on drug use risk. Program IV represents two studies that have emerged as extensions from the Early Growth and Development Study (EGDS, NICHD R01 12709). Both studies (NICHD R01 042608 & NIDA R01 020585) use an adoption design to examine mechanisms by which genetic factors, prenatal drug exposure, and parent-child relationships influence developmental pathways leading to problem behavior and social competence in early childhood. The purpose of the K05 RSA is to permit the candidate to conduct these four programs of research and broaden his understanding basic and applied issues related to the prevention of drug use risk from early childhood through adolescence.