New Methods in Basic and Applied Research on Drug Use Risk

描述(由申请人提供)：建议的K05 RSA将集中于以下三个领域，以改善候选人的职业发展：1)更多地了解与反社会行为(AB)和药物使用相关的遗传学和脑回路；2)进一步发展家庭体检干预措施的使用，用于不同年龄段和高危人群；以及3)更多地了解基于研究的干预计划、社区需求和社会政策之间的关系。从职业发展计划中获得的技能应该对应聘者的研究有短期和长期的应用。候选人提议进行四个资助的研究项目。计划I(NIMHR01-50907)旨在通过跟踪一群低收入的男性青年(年龄从1.5岁到18岁)来促进我们对反社会行为(AB)早期和晚开始途径的先兆的理解。计划II，早期步骤-多地点(ES-M)项目(NIDA R01 016110)是一项预防研究，针对儿童早期和中期的家庭和家庭外影响，以降低早发性AB、药物使用和艾滋病毒风险。方案三，家长参与和家庭外环境项目(NIDAR01 023245)，使用ES-M样本中的家庭来研究社区、学校和课后照料环境对儿童中期吸毒风险的影响，以及父母参与这些家庭外环境如何减弱家庭外风险因素对药物使用风险的影响。方案IV代表了作为早期生长和发育研究(EGDS，NICHD R01 12709)的扩展而出现的两项研究。这两项研究(NICHD R01 042608和NIDA R01 020585)都使用收养设计来检查遗传因素、产前药物暴露和亲子关系影响导致儿童早期问题行为和社交能力的发展路径的机制。K05 RSA的目的是允许应聘者进行这四个研究项目，并扩大他对与预防从儿童早期到青春期的药物使用风险相关的基本和应用问题的理解。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The proposed K05 RSA will focus on the following three areas to improve the candidate's career development: 1) learning more about genetics and brain circuitry related to the development of antisocial behavior (AB) and drug use; 2) further developing the use of the Family Check Up intervention for use with different age groups and at-risk populations; and 3) learning more about the interface among research-based intervention programs, community needs, and social policy. Skills acquired from the career development plan should have both short- and long-term applications to the candidate's research. The candidate proposes to conduct four funded programs of research. Program I (NIMH R01-50907) seeks to advance our understanding of the precursors of early- and late-starting pathways of antisocial behavior (AB) by following a cohort of low-income, male youth from ages 1.5 to 18. Program II, the Early Steps - Multisite (ES-M) Project (NIDA R01 016110), is a prevention study targeting family and extra-familial influences in early and middle childhood to reduce risk for early-onset AB, drug use, and HIV risk. Program III, the Parental Involvement and Extra-Familial Contexts Project (NIDA R01 023245), uses families from the ES-M sample to examine the contributions of neighborhood, school, and after-school care contexts in relation to drug use risk during middle childhood, and how parental involvement in these extra-familial settings may attenuate effects of extra-familial risk factors on drug use risk. Program IV represents two studies that have emerged as extensions from the Early Growth and Development Study (EGDS, NICHD R01 12709). Both studies (NICHD R01 042608 & NIDA R01 020585) use an adoption design to examine mechanisms by which genetic factors, prenatal drug exposure, and parent-child relationships influence developmental pathways leading to problem behavior and social competence in early childhood. The purpose of the K05 RSA is to permit the candidate to conduct these four programs of research and broaden his understanding basic and applied issues related to the prevention of drug use risk from early childhood through adolescence.