NEURONAL AND CHEMICAL CONTROL OF BREATHING AND AIRWAY FU

足够的气体交换和对组织的足够的氧气供应取决于受中枢和外周神经系统调节的呼吸道的通畅。霍华德大学对这种RFA的反应是基于对中枢和外周神经控制呼吸和呼吸道功能(包括嗅觉)的基础研究的需要。神经调节机制的紊乱，作为不同组织水平的感觉和/或运动神经改变的后果，可能会导致严重的健康问题。为了解决其中一些问题，我们提出了四个相互关联的项目。项目1将通过研究调节快速眼动(REM)和安静(非REM睡眠)的中枢神经系统部位如何对与呼吸相关的骨骼肌和呼吸道平滑肌肉施加不同的控制，来定义行为变化期间呼吸和呼吸道不稳定的中心决定因素。项目2将研究中枢化学感受器神经元的神经化学特征，它们的受体类型，以及它们向呼吸和呼吸道相关运动神经元的神经元投射。项目3将研究涉及嗅觉系统可塑性的基因调控，以及在对物理、化学和生物应激源的急性期反应中的信号。项目4将调查呼吸道感觉神经支配的作用和由环境因素触发的基因调节机制，这些因素以前馈方式工作，增强气道炎症和支气管收缩，以及与气道高反应性、气道狭窄和对气道扩张影响的难治性有关的信号系统的变化。在这些研究中将使用新的调查方法来回答问题，这将加强我们对呼吸和呼吸道功能调节的基本机制的理解。此外，汇聚来自霍华德大学研究界以外的多学科科学家团队，将使我们能够产生新的信息，促进知识的发展，并就未来的研究提出相关问题。这项提议表达了医学院做出的承诺，投资于基础设施并保证长期支持，将有才华的研究人员聚集在一起工作。该大学承诺为该项目的参与者提供适当的释放时间，以进行本文所述的研究。

An adequate gas exchange and a sufficient supply of 02 to tissues depends on the patency of the airways which are regulated by central and peripheral nervous systems. The Howard University response to this RFA is based on the need for fundamental research in regard to central and peripheral nervous control of breathing and airway functions; including olfaction. Disturbances in neuronal regulatory mechanisms, as a consequences of alterations in sensory and/or motor innervations at different levels of organization, may cause serious health problems. To address some of these issues, we propose four interrelated projects. Project 1 will define central determinants of breathing and airway instability during behavioral changes by examining how CNS sites that regulate rapid eye movements (REM) and quiet (non-REM sleep might exert a differential control on respiratory related skeletal and airway smooth muscles. project 2 will study the neurochemical profile of the central chemoreceptor neurons, their receptor types, as well as their neuronal projections to respiratory and airway related motoneurons. Project 3 will investigate gene regulation involved in plasticity of the olfactory system as well as signaling during the acute phase response to physical, chemical and biological stressors. Project 4 will investigate the role of sensory innervation of the airway and gene regulatory mechanisms triggered by environmental agents, which operate in a feed forward manner enhancing airway inflammation and bronchoconstriction, and alterations in the signaling system linked to airway hyper-reactivity, airway narrowing and refractoriness to airway dilating influences. New investigative approaches will be used in these studies to answer questions which will enhance our understanding of the fundamental mechanisms underlying regulation of respiratory and airway functions. Furthermore, assembling a team of multi-disciplinary scientists from outside of the Howard University research community will enable us to generate new information that will advance knowledge, and ask relevant questions regarding future studies. This proposal is an expression of the commitments made by the College of Medicine, investing in infrastructure and guaranteeing long-term support, to bring talented researchers to work together. The university is committed to provide appropriate release time for the participants in this program to perform the research described herein.