Understanding maladaptive reward memory in young people who binge eat: Application of novel insights from addiction
了解暴饮暴食的年轻人的适应不良奖赏记忆:成瘾新见解的应用
基本信息
- 批准号:MR/R004919/1
- 负责人:
- 金额:$ 31.57万
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:英国
- 项目类别:Research Grant
- 财政年份:2018
- 资助国家:英国
- 起止时间:2018 至 无数据
- 项目状态:已结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:
项目摘要
Adolescence and young adulthood are periods of heightened vulnerability to a variety of harmful and risky behaviours, as the brain circuits responsible for inhibiting impulsive and risky behaviours are not fully matured. Impulse control problems, and the progression to more serious compulsive-behavioural disorders characterised by harmful overconsumption (e.g. of drugs or food) are a particular concern since they account for the highest levels of preventable morbidity and mortality throughout the world. Binge eating disorder (BED) is an example of these disorders, in which the ability to resist food - or to stop eating once an episode of overeating has begun - is impaired. BED is the most prevalent eating disorder and typically begins in adolescence. However, it is a chronic problem, lasting for many years after onset and contributing to a variety of serious psychiatric and metabolic health problems. While BED has received relatively little attention from neuroscientific researchers, there are striking parallels between BED and substance use disorders (SUDs), which also typically develop in adolescence and have been the subject of extensive basic neuroscientific, clinical and theoretical research. This has shown that abnormally strong reward memories - 'maladaptive reward memories' (MRMs) - formed during drug-use underlie drug craving and the propensity to seek and use drugs when 'trigger cues' are encountered. Coupled with deficits in inhibiting the responses sparked by these cues, MRMs cause continued relapse to drug use. Given the overlap in the behaviours, symptoms, age of onset and comorbidity between SUDs and BED, MRMs also likely play a key role in binge eating in response to food cues. Psychological treatments for BED often rely on the formation of alternative associations between food cues and new, more helpful behaviours. These compete with and temporarily suppress food-related MRMs. However, such treatments do not directly weaken MRMs, and as a result MRMs typically regain dominance over time, resulting in relapse. In contrast, recent discoveries suggest that it is possible to directly target MRMs using behavioural techniques that could readily be adapted for use in therapy for people with BED. In particular, it is possible to 'reactivate' MRMs, a process which briefly makes these memories pliable, and then to teach new associations that 'rewrite' the MRM into an adaptive form that does not promote bingeing behaviour and prevents relapse. This approach has now been tested in heavy drinkers, smokers and heroin users, and shown to be a very promising strategy for reducing addicts' responses to drug cues. In this project, we will apply this exciting new approach to binge-eaters and determine whether similar effects are found in response to food cues, and on bingeing behaviour. We will test two methods for rewriting food-related MRMs, each targeting a different neural mechanism thought to be important in BED, namely 1) reducing the ability of binge food cues to trigger craving and bingeing and 2) increasing the ability to stop food consumption triggered by these cues. By testing an 'at-risk ' population of young people, we will be targeting a developmental period when symptoms are beginning to emerge and early intervention might be expected to have an especially powerful effect, as food-related MRM networks are still relatively 'young'. Importantly, at this early stage of testing these new and potentially powerful techniques, it is essential to minimise risk to research participants. As such, our studies will be with young people who show binge eating behaviour but do not have a severe eating- or other psychological disorder. If we demonstrate evidence of rewriting of food-related MRMs, our findings will have important treatment implications. The next step will be to adapt these experimental strategies for use in people seeking help for BED, and possibly related problems like obesity or bulimia.
青春期和青年期是对各种有害和危险行为高度脆弱的时期,因为负责抑制冲动和危险行为的大脑回路尚未完全成熟。冲动控制问题和发展为以有害的过度消费(例如药物或食物)为特征的更严重的强迫行为障碍是一个特别令人关切的问题,因为它们是全世界可预防的发病率和死亡率最高的原因。暴饮暴食症(BED)是这些疾病的一个例子,其中抵抗食物的能力-或者一旦暴饮暴食开始就停止进食的能力-受到损害。BED是最常见的饮食失调症,通常始于青春期。然而,这是一个慢性问题,在发病后持续多年,并导致各种严重的精神和代谢健康问题。虽然BED受到神经科学研究人员的关注相对较少,但BED和物质使用障碍(SUD)之间存在惊人的相似之处,SUD通常也发生在青春期,并且一直是广泛的基础神经科学,临床和理论研究的主题。这表明,在吸毒期间形成的异常强烈的奖励记忆--"适应不良奖励记忆“(MRM)--是药物渴望和在遇到”触发线索“时寻求和使用药物的倾向的基础。再加上在抑制这些线索引发的反应方面的缺陷,MRM导致药物使用的持续复发。鉴于SUD和BED之间的行为、症状、发病年龄和合并症的重叠,MRM也可能在响应食物线索的暴饮暴食中发挥关键作用。BED的心理治疗通常依赖于食物线索和新的,更有帮助的行为之间的替代联系的形成。它们与食物相关的MRM竞争并暂时抑制MRM。然而,这种治疗不会直接削弱MRM,因此MRM通常会随着时间的推移重新占据主导地位,导致复发。相比之下,最近的发现表明,使用行为技术直接靶向MRM是可能的,这些技术可以很容易地适用于BED患者的治疗。特别是,有可能“重新激活”MRM,这是一个短暂地使这些记忆柔韧的过程,然后教授新的关联,将MRM“重写”为一种适应性形式,不会促进暴食行为并防止复发。这种方法现在已经在酗酒者、吸烟者和海洛因使用者中进行了测试,并被证明是一种非常有前途的减少成瘾者对药物线索反应的策略。在这个项目中,我们将把这种令人兴奋的新方法应用于暴饮暴食者,并确定是否在对食物线索的反应和暴饮暴食行为中发现了类似的效果。我们将测试两种重写食物相关MRM的方法,每种方法都针对不同的神经机制,这些神经机制被认为在BED中很重要,即1)降低暴饮暴食线索触发渴望和暴饮暴食的能力,2)增加阻止这些线索触发的食物消费的能力。通过测试年轻人的“风险”人群,我们将针对症状开始出现的发育期,早期干预可能会产生特别强大的效果,因为与食物相关的MRM网络仍然相对“脆弱”。重要的是,在测试这些新的和潜在的强大技术的早期阶段,最大限度地减少研究参与者的风险至关重要。因此,我们的研究将针对那些表现出暴饮暴食行为但没有严重饮食或其他心理障碍的年轻人。如果我们证明了食物相关的MRM重写的证据,我们的发现将具有重要的治疗意义。下一步将是调整这些实验策略,用于寻求BED帮助的人,以及可能的相关问题,如肥胖或贪食症。
项目成果
期刊论文数量(4)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
The Effects of Response Inhibition Training Following Binge Memory Retrieval in Young Adult Binge Eaters: A Randomised-Controlled Experimental Study
青少年暴食者暴食记忆检索后反应抑制训练的效果:一项随机对照实验研究
- DOI:
- 发表时间:2022
- 期刊:
- 影响因子:4.6
- 作者:Das RK
- 通讯作者:Das RK
The effects of response inhibition training following binge memory retrieval in young adults binge eaters: a randomised-controlled experimental study.
- DOI:10.1038/s41598-022-12173-w
- 发表时间:2022-06-03
- 期刊:
- 影响因子:4.6
- 作者:
- 通讯作者:
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Sunjeev Kamboj其他文献
Cigarette smoking is associated with difficulties in the use of reappraisal for emotion regulation
- DOI:
10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109416 - 发表时间:
2022-05-01 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:
- 作者:
Paul Faulkner;Sandra Machon;Chris Brown;Marco Sandrini;Sunjeev Kamboj;Paul Allen - 通讯作者:
Paul Allen
Crisis resolution/home treatment team workers’ understandings of the concept of crisis
- DOI:
10.1007/s00127-010-0234-y - 发表时间:
2010-08-11 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:3.500
- 作者:
Simon Tobitt;Sunjeev Kamboj - 通讯作者:
Sunjeev Kamboj
Poster #38 MULTIMODAL EMOTIONAL INTEGRATION TASK: AN FMRI PARADIGM FOR EMOTIONAL PROCESSING IN EARLY PSYCHOSIS AND ULTRA-HIGH RISK STATE
- DOI:
10.1016/s0920-9964(12)70354-7 - 发表时间:
2012-04-01 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:
- 作者:
Huai-Hsuan Tseng;Jonathan Roiser;Bradley Platt;Sunjeev Kamboj;Philip McGuire;Paul Allen - 通讯作者:
Paul Allen
Sunjeev Kamboj的其他文献
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{{ truncateString('Sunjeev Kamboj', 18)}}的其他基金
Reconsolidation and Memory Interference Toolkit (REMIT): Identifying how to destabilise and overwrite maladaptive alcohol memories.
重新巩固和记忆干扰工具包(REMIT):确定如何破坏和覆盖适应不良的酒精记忆。
- 批准号:
MR/M007006/1 - 财政年份:2014
- 资助金额:
$ 31.57万 - 项目类别:
Research Grant
Exploring the potential of D-cycloserine and cannabidiol to enhance cue exposure therapies in substance dependence
探索 D-环丝氨酸和大麻二酚增强物质依赖线索暴露疗法的潜力
- 批准号:
G0802718/1 - 财政年份:2009
- 资助金额:
$ 31.57万 - 项目类别:
Research Grant
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