EARLY ONSET PERIODONTITIS

早发性牙周炎（EOP）包括儿童和青少年的许多牙周病，导致牙周附着体的快速破坏，导致明显的牙齿脱落。据估计，非裔美国人的EOP患病率为0%，西班牙裔为5%，1.3？在一项针对13-17岁美国学龄儿童的全国性调查中，白人青少年的比例和NHANES III研究中同一年龄组的2.1%。虽然对EOP的危险因素进行了调查，但EOP与蛾的微生物学和临床特征之间的关系以及对儿童初级牙列和全身健康的影响尚不清楚。此外，在系统受损的儿童中，如感染人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）的儿童中，EOP的发生仍未得到探索。我们建议进行一项为期3年的横断面研究，以评估EOP的相关性和具体风险因素，并调查塞内加尔EOP的临床特征、微生物传播模式以及与口腔和系统健康相关的风险。目前，我们正在对塞内加尔平均有5个4至17岁孩子的妇女进行研究，以评估以下具体目标：(1)通过评估人口统计学因素、儿童和母亲的健康史以及综合口腔检查（包括牙龈炎症和蛀牙、缺牙和补牙的测量）的结果，确定塞内加尔儿科人群中EOP的具体危险因素；(2)比较EOP患儿和非EOP患儿牙周特定病原菌的患病率以及对这些病原菌的免疫反应。此外，我们建议评估患有特定牙周细菌的飞蛾儿童是否具有可比的微生物模式，并比较患有和未患有EOP的儿童对特定牙周病原体的体液免疫反应。我们将审查目前正在进行的研究中正在跟踪其母亲的1 100名塞内加尔儿童。EOP的存在将通过探针测量所有牙齿来评估，第三磨牙除外。母亲将接受标准化的面谈，儿童将接受口腔检查，并采集纸片和血液样本。咬牙x线片（3岁以上EOP患儿）用于评估骨质流失程度。本研究将为牙周炎预防策略的设计提供重要信息。

Early onset periodontitis (EOP) encompasses a number of periodontal diseases in children and adolescents that result in rapid destruction of the periodontal attachment apparatus leading to pronounced tooth loss. The prevalence of EOP was estimated to be 0% among African-American, 5% among Hispanic, and 1.3? among white adolescents in a national survey among U.S. school children between the ages of 13-17, and 2.1% among the same age group studied as part of NHANES III. Although risk factors for EOP were investigated, relationships between EOP and the microbiological and clinical characteristics of the moth, and effects of the primary dentition and systemic health of children are unknown. Moreover, the occurrence of EOP in systematically compromised children, such as those with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV infection), remain unexplored. We propose a 3 year cross-sectional study to assess the correlates of, and specific risk factors for EOP, and to investigate the clinical features, microbial patterns of transmission, and risk to oral and systemic health associated with EOP in Senegal,, a site where we currently have ongoing studies among women who have on average 5 children between the ages of 4 and 17, in order to evaluate the following specific aims: (1) Determine specific risk factors for EOP in a Senegalese pediatric population by evaluating demographic factors, health history of both the child and mother, and findings from comprehensive oral examinations including measurements of gingival inflammation and decayed, missing and filled teeth; and (2) Compare the prevalence of specific periodontal bacterial pathogens, and the immune responsiveness to those pathogens among children with and without EOP. Furthermore, we propose to assess whether children of moths with specific periodontal bacteria have comparable microbial patterns, and compare children with and without EOP with respect to humoral immune response to specific periodontal pathogens. We will examine 1,100 Senegalese children of mothers currently being followed in ongoing studies. Presence of EOP will be assessed by probe measurements of all teeth, exclusive of the third molars. Mothers will undergo a standardized interview, and children will undergo oral examination and have paperpoint and blood samples collected. Bitewing radiographs (among children greater than 3 years of age with EOP) will be taken to assess the degree of bone loss. The proposed study will contribute important information which may be useful in designing strategies to prevent periodontitis.