EPIDEMIOLOGY OF ORAL HIV 1 & 2 INFECTION IN HIGH RISK WO

口腔 HIV 的流行病学 1

• 批准号: 6176032
• 负责人: CATHY W CRITCHLOW
• 金额: $ 32.19万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1999-09-30 至 2004-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6176032
• 关键词: AIDS education /prevention; AIDS therapy; Africa; HIV infections; behavioral /social science research tag; biopsy; blood chemistry; clinical research; clinical trials; culture; disease /disorder proneness /risk; epidemiology; human immunodeficiency virus 1; human immunodeficiency virus 2; human subject; inflammation; prostitution; questionnaires; saliva; secretion; sex behavior; sexually transmitted diseases; virus DNA; virus RNA

DESCRIPTION: (Adapted from Applicant's Abstract) Transmission of HIV via oral-genital contact has now been convincingly documented. Risk of HIV transmission during unprotected oral-genital sex appears to be low compared to that encountered during unprotected vaginal sex. However, the true risk of oral HIV transmission has been difficult to assess as relatively few individuals engage exclusively in oral sexual contact. Attempting to estimate this risk using HIV seroconversion as an endpoint would be prohibitively expensive and present ethical problems. Other approaches are needed to assess aspects of oral HIV transmission. Development of HIV education and risk reduction programs related to oral HIV transmission are currently important since recent data suggest that in some high risk groups, attempts to decrease high risk behaviors (such as unprotected anal or vaginal sex) have made unprotected oral sex exceedingly common, perhaps increasing the proportion of HIV infections in these populations attributable to orogenital sexual contact. Development of educational programs concerning risk of oral HIV transmission is urgently needed in Africa where the majority of HIV infections have occurred, and where commercial sex workers (CSWs) have been integral to the spread of HIV-1 and HIV-2. Little is known about the frequency and determinants of fellation and its relationship to risk of HIV infection. However, a survey the investigators undertook during the emergence of the HIV-1 epidemic in Senegal revealed that most CSMs frequently engaged in both vaginal sex and fellatio. Some CSWs in Senegal have enrolled in HIV testing and counseling programs and it is possible that such programs have stressed fellatio in lieu of vaginal sex. The investigators are proposing a study among CSWs in Senegal to examine the role of fellatio in the spread of HIV-1 and HIV-2. Specifically, they propose to (1) describe the frequency and determinants of the practice of fellatio among CSWs, and among CSWs who have not been previously tested for HIV or been enrolled in HIV risk reduction programs, to determine the associations between HIV serologic status and fellatio and other sexual practices, (2) provide insights into risk of transmission of HIV from infected CSWs to uninfected male partners during fellatio by describing the determinants of the frequency and quantity with which HIV is shed into oral secretions, and (3) undertake a small pilot study to attempt to decrease the frequency and level of HIV in oral secretions by using low cost topical treatments for lesions known to be associated with inflammation.

描述：(改编自申请者摘要)通过 口腔-生殖器接触现在已经有令人信服的记录。感染艾滋病毒的风险 在无保护措施的口腔生殖器性行为中的传播似乎比 在无保护措施的阴道性交中遇到的。然而，口腔的真正风险是 由于相对较少的个体，很难评估艾滋病毒的传播情况 只进行口腔性接触。试图估计这一风险 使用HIV血清转换作为终点将昂贵得令人望而却步，而且 提出道德问题。需要其他方法来评估口腔的各个方面 艾滋病毒的传播。开展艾滋病毒教育和降低风险方案 与经口传播艾滋病毒有关问题目前很重要，因为最近的数据 建议在一些高危人群中，尝试减少高危行为 (如无保护的肛交或阴道性交)进行了无保护的口交 非常普遍，可能会增加艾滋病病毒感染的比例 这些人口可归因于口交。发展中的 迫切需要开展有关艾滋病毒经口传播风险的教育项目 在大多数艾滋病毒感染发生的非洲需要，以及在哪里 商业性工作者(CSW)一直是艾滋病毒-1传播和 HIV-2。人们对融合的频率和决定因素知之甚少。 它与艾滋病毒感染风险的关系。然而，一项调查显示，调查人员 在塞内加尔出现艾滋病毒-1疫情期间进行的调查显示， 大多数CSMS经常同时进行阴道性行为和口交。中的一些CSW 塞内加尔已经注册了艾滋病毒检测和咨询计划，而且有可能 这些节目强调口交而不是阴道性交。这个 调查人员提议在塞内加尔的CSW中进行一项研究，以检查这一角色 口交在HIV-1和HIV-2的传播中的作用。具体地说，他们建议(1) 描述性服务工作者口交的频率和决定因素， 在之前没有接受艾滋病毒检测或参加过艾滋病病毒检测的性服务工作者中 艾滋病毒风险降低计划，以确定艾滋病毒与 血清学状态、口交和其他性行为，(2)提供见解 HIV从受感染的性服务工作者传播给未受感染的男性伴侣的风险 通过描述口交的频率和数量的决定因素 将艾滋病毒释放到口腔分泌物中，以及(3)进行一项小型试验 尝试降低口腔分泌物中HIV的频率和水平的研究 通过使用低成本的局部治疗来治疗已知与 发炎。