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Simulating urban air pollution in the lab

在实验室模拟城市空气污染

基本信息

批准号：
MR/S015566/1
负责人：
Christina Vanderwel
金额：
$ 97.16万
依托单位：
University of Southampton
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Fellowship
财政年份：
2020
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2020 至无数据
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=MR%2FS015566%2F1
关键词：
Simulating urban air pollution lab

项目摘要

This project aims at resolving airflow in and around buildings to better understand urban air pollution. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 80% of people living in urban areas are exposed to unsafe levels of air pollution and with it an increased risk of heart disease, lung cancer, and respiratory disease. This research will study how pollution disperses in urban areas, in order to improve the pollution dispersion models used to make air quality forecasts and that inform urban planning and policy. Experiments will be conducted on scale models in a controlled laboratory flow facility. The measured flow patterns can then be related to full-scale atmospheric flows, in the same way wind tunnel tests of scale models provide insights to vehicle aerodynamics. The majority of experiments will take place in a water flume facility and passive tracers will be released at key points around the model, as a surrogate for air pollution. The use of the water flume permits the use of advanced laser-based measurement tools that can capture full two-dimensional quantitative images of the dispersion process both at the fine scales near the pollution sources and at the city scale. This is the key feature that differentiates this work from previous wind tunnel and in-situ measurements of dispersion, which are typically limited to point measurements. The fellows is uniquely positioned to conduct these novel spatial measurements due to her expertise with the experimental techniques and her previous background analysing coherent structures and mixing in canonical turbulent shear flows. The University of Southampton is particularly suitable location for this research because of the combination of having a suitable water flume facility as well as the required high-resolution camera and laser systems.This study is particularly timely as governments focus on improving environmental sustainability and air quality in cities. These results will improve our ability to inform local council and industry on how pollution disperses around the city, aiding them in making decisions impacting financial and environmental sustainability and public health and safety. In addition to these societal impacts, these results will have academic impact by improving meteorological models. Existing dispersion models focus on time-averaged predictions; however, these models struggle to predict spatio-temporal fluctuations and peak exposures, especially near the source. Understanding these dynamics is important for air quality, as even short term exposure to toxic gases and airborne particulate matter can have adverse health impacts. These results will improve our understanding of the underlying physics in order to guide theories and improve models for predicting the dynamics of pollution dispersion in complex urban regions.

该项目旨在解决建筑物内和周围的气流问题，以更好地了解城市空气污染。根据世界卫生组织(WHO)的数据，80%生活在城市地区的人暴露在不安全水平的空气污染中，随之而来的是心脏病、肺癌和呼吸系统疾病的风险增加。这项研究将研究污染在城市地区的扩散情况，以改进用于空气质量预测的污染扩散模型，并为城市规划和政策提供参考。实验将在受控的实验室流动装置中进行比例模型试验。然后，测量的流型可以与全尺度大气流动相关联，同样地，比例模型的风洞测试可以为车辆空气动力学提供见解。大多数实验将在水槽设施中进行，被动示踪剂将在模型周围的关键点释放，作为空气污染的替代品。水槽的使用允许使用先进的激光测量工具，这些工具可以在污染源附近的精细尺度和城市尺度上捕捉扩散过程的完整二维定量图像。这是这项工作区别于以前的风洞和现场弥散测量的关键特征，后者通常仅限于点测量。由于她在实验技术方面的专业知识，以及她以前的背景，分析相干结构和在正则湍流剪切流中的混合，这些研究员在进行这些新颖的空间测量方面具有独特的地位。南安普顿大学是这项研究的特别合适的地点，因为它拥有合适的水槽设施以及所需的高分辨率相机和激光系统。这项研究特别及时，因为各国政府正专注于改善城市的环境可持续性和空气质量。这些结果将提高我们向地方议会和行业通报污染在城市中扩散的能力，帮助他们做出影响金融和环境可持续性以及公共健康和安全的决策。除了这些社会影响外，这些结果还将通过改进气象模型产生学术影响。现有的扩散模型侧重于时间平均预测；然而，这些模型难以预测时空波动和峰值暴露，特别是在震源附近。了解这些动态对空气质量很重要，因为即使是短期接触有毒气体和空气中的颗粒物也可能对健康产生不利影响。这些结果将提高我们对基本物理的理解，以便指导理论和改进预测复杂城市区域污染扩散动力学的模型。