Extreme Climatic Events in the Oceans: Towards a mechanistic understanding of ecosystem impacts and resilience

海洋极端气候事件：对生态系统影响和复原力的机械理解

基本信息

批准号：
MR/S032827/1
负责人：
Daniel Smale
金额：
$ 128.86万
依托单位：
Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Fellowship
财政年份：
2020
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2020 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=MR%2FS032827%2F1
关键词：
Extreme Climatic Events Oceans Towards

项目摘要

Never before in recorded human history have there been as many extreme climatic events as in the past decade, and anthropogenic climate change is now recognised as a major contributor to this trend. Droughts, floods, cyclones, cold snaps and heat waves are all linked through Earth's climate systems and can have significant ecological and socio-economic impacts on land and in the oceans. Despite growing appreciation of the importance of discrete, extreme events in determining ecosystem structure the vast majority of knowledge stems from terrestrial research, even though marine ecosystems play a central role culturally, socially and economically in the lives of most people. Marine ecosystems provide a myriad of ecological goods and services, including nutrient cycling, food and other resources, biogenic coastal defence and climate regulation, all of which have substantial socioeconomic value. Coral reefs, seagrass meadows and temperate kelp forests are particularly valuable in terms of capital generated from recreation, fishing activities, coastal defence and biodiversity, and contribute trillions of pounds to the global economy each year. In the UK alone, the estimated direct economic value of marine biodiversity exceeds £20 billion per year. In marine environmental research, much attention has been given to ocean acidification and, more recently, plastic pollution, yet there is a strong argument to suggest that extreme warming events (i.e. 'marine heatwaves' (MHWs)) pose an even greater risk to ecosystems. In the past decade alone, MHWs have devastated entire ecosystems and severely affected fisheries, aquaculture, food webs and carbon cycling. The frequency and duration of MHWs has increased significantly in recent decades and is predicted to increase throughout the 21st Century, as a consequence of anthropogenic climate change. Despite the unequivocal importance of MHWs in structuring ecosystems, our current understanding of their impacts remains poor. Knowledge of responses to MHWs stems from only a few events, such as the 1998 El Niño episode, the Mediterranean MHW of 2003 and the 2011 warming event off Western Australia. The 2011 MHW off Western Australia, for example, resulted in major shifts in benthic ecosystem structure in a tropical-temperate transition zone, by causing widespread mortality of cool-water habitat forming species. This project will address critical knowledge gaps in marine climate change ecology. It will synthesise existing information on ecological responses to MHWs and use a novel analytical approach to conduct a global-scale analysis of their impacts. The project will also carry out a range of experiments and surveys to examine how key organisms and processes are affected by MHWs with differing physical attributes. Finally, predictions of future patterns and impacts of MHWs will be made, based on physical and ecological modelling techniques. This project will significantly advance understanding of the impacts of extreme climatic events in the global ocean and will be of direct relevant to climate change mitigation and adaptation, as society must safeguard valuable coastal marine ecosystems against increased climatic stress in the coming decades.

在记录的人类历史上从来没有像过去十年一样多的极端气候事件，而人为气候变化现在被认为是这种趋势的主要贡献者。干旱，地板，旋风，冷扣和热浪均通过地球气候系统连接，并且可以对土地和海洋中的生态和社会经济产生重大的影响。尽管人们对离散的重要性的重要性越来越多，但极端事件在确定生态系统结构构建陆地研究的绝大多数知识步骤中，尽管海洋生态系统在大多数人的生活中在文化，社会和经济上都起着核心作用。海洋生态系统提供无数的生态商品和服务，包括营养自行车，食品和其他资源，生物沿海防御和气候调节，所有这些都具有实质性的社会经济价值。珊瑚礁，海草草地和温度海带森林正在海洋环境研究中，非常关注海洋酸化以及最近的塑料污染，但有一个有力的论点表明，极度变暖的事件（即“海洋热浪”（MHW））对生态系统提出了更大的风险。仅在过去的十年中，MHWS就会破坏整个生态系统，并受到严重影响的渔业，水产养殖，食物网和碳循环。近几十年来，MHWS的频率和持续时间显着增加，并且由于人为气候变化，预计在整个21世纪。尽管MHW在构建生态系统中的重要性显然是重要的，但我们目前对其影响的理解仍然很差。了解只有几个事件的对MHWS植物的反应，例如1998年的厄尔尼诺情节，2003年的地中海MHW和西澳大利亚州的2011年变暖活动。例如，西澳大利亚州的2011年MHW通过引起凉水栖息地形成物种的宽度死亡率，导致热带温度过渡区的底栖生态系统结构发生了重大变化。该项目将解决海洋气候变化生态学中的关键知识差距。它将综合有关对MHW的生态反应的现有信息，并使用一种新颖的分析方法对其影响进行全球规模分析。该项目还将进行一系列实验和调查，以检查关键的生物和过程如何受到具有区分物理属性的MHW的影响。最后，将根据物理和生态建模技术对MHW的未来模式和影响进行预测。该项目将大大提高人们对全球海洋中极端气候事件的影响的理解，并将与气候变化的缓解和适应有关，因为社会必须保护有价值的沿海海洋生态系统在未来几十年中免受气候压力的增加。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（10）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Another Decade of Marine Climate Change Experiments: Trends, Progress and Knowledge Gaps

DOI：
10.3389/fmars.2021.714462
发表时间：
2021-08-30
期刊：
FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Bass, Alissa;Wernberg, Thomas;Smale, Dan
通讯作者：
Smale, Dan

Multiple-scale interactions structure macroinvertebrate assemblages associated with kelp understory algae

DOI：
10.1111/ddi.13140
发表时间：
2020-07-28
期刊：
DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTIONS
影响因子：
4.6
作者：
Bue, Mathilde;Smale, Dan A.;Moore, Pippa J.
通讯作者：
Moore, Pippa J.

Niche and neutral assembly mechanisms contribute to latitudinal diversity gradients in reef fishes

DOI：
10.1111/jbi.14237
发表时间：
2021-08-15
期刊：
JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY
影响因子：
3.9
作者：
Bosch, Nestor E.;Wernberg, Thomas;Tuya, Fernando
通讯作者：
Tuya, Fernando

Development and Diversity of Epibiont Assemblages on Cultivated Sugar Kelp (Saccharina latissima) in Relation to Farming Schedules and Harvesting Techniques.

DOI：
10.3390/life13010209
发表时间：
2023-01-11
期刊：
LIFE-BASEL
影响因子：
3.2
作者：
Corrigan, Sophie;Brown, A. Ross;Tyler, Charles R.;Wilding, Catherine;Daniels, Carly;Ashton, Ian G. C.;Smale, Dan A.
通讯作者：
Smale, Dan A.

Quantifying habitat provisioning at macroalgal cultivation sites