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Extreme Climatic Events in the Oceans: Towards a mechanistic understanding of ecosystem impacts and resilience

海洋极端气候事件：对生态系统影响和复原力的机械理解

基本信息

批准号：
MR/S032827/1
负责人：
Daniel Smale
金额：
$ 128.86万
依托单位：
Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Fellowship
财政年份：
2020
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2020 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=MR%2FS032827%2F1
关键词：
Extreme Climatic Events Oceans Towards

项目摘要

Never before in recorded human history have there been as many extreme climatic events as in the past decade, and anthropogenic climate change is now recognised as a major contributor to this trend. Droughts, floods, cyclones, cold snaps and heat waves are all linked through Earth's climate systems and can have significant ecological and socio-economic impacts on land and in the oceans. Despite growing appreciation of the importance of discrete, extreme events in determining ecosystem structure the vast majority of knowledge stems from terrestrial research, even though marine ecosystems play a central role culturally, socially and economically in the lives of most people. Marine ecosystems provide a myriad of ecological goods and services, including nutrient cycling, food and other resources, biogenic coastal defence and climate regulation, all of which have substantial socioeconomic value. Coral reefs, seagrass meadows and temperate kelp forests are particularly valuable in terms of capital generated from recreation, fishing activities, coastal defence and biodiversity, and contribute trillions of pounds to the global economy each year. In the UK alone, the estimated direct economic value of marine biodiversity exceeds £20 billion per year. In marine environmental research, much attention has been given to ocean acidification and, more recently, plastic pollution, yet there is a strong argument to suggest that extreme warming events (i.e. 'marine heatwaves' (MHWs)) pose an even greater risk to ecosystems. In the past decade alone, MHWs have devastated entire ecosystems and severely affected fisheries, aquaculture, food webs and carbon cycling. The frequency and duration of MHWs has increased significantly in recent decades and is predicted to increase throughout the 21st Century, as a consequence of anthropogenic climate change. Despite the unequivocal importance of MHWs in structuring ecosystems, our current understanding of their impacts remains poor. Knowledge of responses to MHWs stems from only a few events, such as the 1998 El Niño episode, the Mediterranean MHW of 2003 and the 2011 warming event off Western Australia. The 2011 MHW off Western Australia, for example, resulted in major shifts in benthic ecosystem structure in a tropical-temperate transition zone, by causing widespread mortality of cool-water habitat forming species. This project will address critical knowledge gaps in marine climate change ecology. It will synthesise existing information on ecological responses to MHWs and use a novel analytical approach to conduct a global-scale analysis of their impacts. The project will also carry out a range of experiments and surveys to examine how key organisms and processes are affected by MHWs with differing physical attributes. Finally, predictions of future patterns and impacts of MHWs will be made, based on physical and ecological modelling techniques. This project will significantly advance understanding of the impacts of extreme climatic events in the global ocean and will be of direct relevant to climate change mitigation and adaptation, as society must safeguard valuable coastal marine ecosystems against increased climatic stress in the coming decades.

在人类历史上，从来没有像过去十年那样发生过如此多的极端气候事件，现在人们认为人为气候变化是造成这一趋势的主要因素。干旱、洪水、飓风、寒流和热浪都通过地球的气候系统相互联系，并可能对陆地和海洋产生重大的生态和社会经济影响。尽管人们日益认识到离散的极端事件在决定生态系统结构方面的重要性，但绝大多数知识来自陆地研究，尽管海洋生态系统在大多数人的文化、社会和经济生活中发挥着核心作用。海洋生态系统提供无数生态货物和服务，包括养分循环、食物和其他资源、生物海岸防御和气候调节，所有这些都具有重大的社会经济价值。珊瑚礁、海草草甸和温带海藻林在娱乐、渔业活动、海岸防御和生物多样性所产生的资本方面特别宝贵，每年为全球经济贡献数万亿英镑。仅在英国，海洋生物多样性的直接经济价值估计每年超过200亿英镑。在海洋环境研究中，人们对海洋酸化和最近的塑料污染给予了很大的关注，但有一个强有力的论点表明，极端变暖事件（即“海洋热浪”（MHW））对生态系统构成了更大的风险。仅在过去十年中，MHW就破坏了整个生态系统，严重影响了渔业，水产养殖，食物网和碳循环。近几十年来，MHW的频率和持续时间显着增加，预计在整个世纪，由于人为气候变化的结果将增加。尽管MHWs在构建生态系统中具有明确的重要性，但我们目前对其影响的理解仍然很差。对MHW反应的了解仅来自少数事件，例如1998年的厄尔尼诺事件，2003年的地中海MHW和2011年西澳大利亚州的变暖事件。例如，2011年西澳大利亚外海的MHW导致热带-温带过渡区的底栖生态系统结构发生重大变化，造成冷水栖息地形成物种的广泛死亡。该项目将解决海洋气候变化生态学方面的关键知识差距。它将综合现有的关于MHWs生态响应的信息，并使用一种新的分析方法对其影响进行全球范围的分析。该项目还将进行一系列实验和调查，以研究具有不同物理属性的MHW如何影响关键生物和过程。最后，预测未来的模式和影响的MHWs将根据物理和生态建模技术。这一项目将大大促进对全球海洋极端气候事件影响的了解，并将与减缓和适应气候变化直接相关，因为社会必须保护宝贵的沿海海洋生态系统，使其在未来几十年内免受日益严重的气候压力。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（10）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

A quantitative synthesis of approaches, biases, successes, and failures in marine forest restoration, with considerations for future work

DOI：
10.1002/aqc.3880
发表时间：
2022-09
期刊：
Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems
影响因子：
0
作者：
H. Earp;D. Smale;A. Pérez‐Matus;A. Gouraguine;P. Shaw;P. Moore
通讯作者：
H. Earp;D. Smale;A. Pérez‐Matus;A. Gouraguine;P. Shaw;P. Moore

Multiple-scale interactions structure macroinvertebrate assemblages associated with kelp understory algae

DOI：
10.1111/ddi.13140
发表时间：
2020-07-28
期刊：
DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTIONS
影响因子：
4.6
作者：
Bue, Mathilde;Smale, Dan A.;Moore, Pippa J.
通讯作者：
Moore, Pippa J.

Niche and neutral assembly mechanisms contribute to latitudinal diversity gradients in reef fishes

DOI：
10.1111/jbi.14237
发表时间：
2021-08-15
期刊：
JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY
影响因子：
3.9
作者：
Bosch, Nestor E.;Wernberg, Thomas;Tuya, Fernando
通讯作者：
Tuya, Fernando

Development and Diversity of Epibiont Assemblages on Cultivated Sugar Kelp (Saccharina latissima) in Relation to Farming Schedules and Harvesting Techniques.

DOI：
10.3390/life13010209
发表时间：
2023-01-11
期刊：
LIFE-BASEL
影响因子：
3.2
作者：
Corrigan, Sophie;Brown, A. Ross;Tyler, Charles R.;Wilding, Catherine;Daniels, Carly;Ashton, Ian G. C.;Smale, Dan A.
通讯作者：
Smale, Dan A.

Home sweet home: Comparison of epibiont assemblages associated with cultivated and wild sugar kelp (Saccharina latissima), co-cultivated blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) and farm infrastructure

甜蜜之家：与栽培和野生糖海带（Saccharina latissima）、共培养蓝贻贝（Mytilus edulis）和农场基础设施相关的表生物组合的比较