Tackling Root Causes Upstream of Unhealthy Urban Development (TRUUD)

解决不健康城市发展上游的根本原因 (TRUUD)

• 批准号: MR/S037586/1
• 负责人: Matthew Hickman
• 金额: $ 843.89万
• 依托单位: University of Bristol
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2019 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=MR%2FS037586%2F1
• 关键词: Tackling; Root; Causes; Upstream; Unhealthy

Our overarching research question is: How might prevention of risk factors causing Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) be considered and fully incorporated into urban planning and development in the UK?Context: Poor quality urban environments are important contributors to Non-Communicable Diseases such as lung and heart disease, diabetes and mental health problems. This is because they are associated with critical risk factors - including air pollution, noise, lack of physical activity, lack of green space, and obesity. Therefore, one way of preventing these future major chronic health problems is to go "upstream" and improve the urban environment so that it encourages healthy behaviours and reduces adverse risks. However, urban planning and development is a complex system of actors and processes operating over multiple layers of governance. . The driving force in urban planning and development are now the large private sector actors, particularly landowners, investors and developers. Narrow valuation mechanisms and short-term horizons are a central challenge as they do not factor in long-term health. Urban planning faces "super wicked" problems too - where "those who are in the best position to address the problem are not only those who caused it, but also those with the least immediate incentive to act". Researching these complex systems requires: consideration of whole and interconnected systems; clear visualisation and analysis; effective engagement and 'co-production' with a wide range of stakeholders, including public, private, third sector as well academia and the lay public. Applications: We aim to transform urban planning and development systems so that health and health inequalities are valued and integrated at each of the main roots of core decision-making. We will develop with urban development decision-makers at city, combined authority and national level interventions and methods for realigning the system for healthier public and private sector operations. The intervention has three components: evidence of health impact including economic valuation; opportunities for change; community-led creative arts media communicating health inequalities. We will identify the best leverage points for introducing the intervention.We anticipate a range of applications for the evidence and associated tools. They will provide measurable evidence of health impacts to be used in multiple ways including: local and national planning policy; local development management and planning permissions; cost-benefit analysis on infrastructure and other investment decision-making; and policy or legal mechanisms for re-aligning corporate governance towards long-term health outcomes. For example, we will seek to influence and introduce evidence on health impacts of urban planning into the Housing and Economic Land Availability Assessment, which determines what land is to be developed. Beneficiaries: The beneficiaries of this kind of whole system approach include: a) decision-makers by improving the quality of what they offer (e.g. local government will benefit politically by evidencing societal benefit; progressive investors and developers gain commercially by differentiating their 'product'); b) in the medium to longer term, urban and rural populations should be positively affected by better urban environments (e.g. reduced air pollution, better quality green infrastructure, improved physical environment); and c) taxpayers and central government over the long term due to decreased health burden on the NHS and increased levels of productivity.

我们首要的研究问题是：如何预防风险因素导致非传染性疾病（NCDs）被认为是并充分纳入英国的城市规划和发展？内容：质量差的城市环境是造成非传染性疾病的重要因素，如肺和心脏病、糖尿病和精神健康问题。这是因为它们与关键的风险因素有关--包括空气污染、噪音、缺乏体育活动、缺乏绿色空间和肥胖。因此，预防这些未来重大慢性健康问题的一个办法是“逆流而上”，改善城市环境，以鼓励健康行为，减少不利风险。然而，城市规划和发展是一个复杂的系统，涉及多个治理层面的行为体和进程。.城市规划和发展的驱动力现在是大型私营部门行为者，特别是土地所有者、投资者和开发商。狭窄的估值机制和短期视野是一个核心挑战，因为它们没有考虑到长期健康。城市规划也面临着“超级邪恶”的问题--“那些最有能力解决问题的人不仅是造成问题的人，而且是那些最没有立即采取行动的人”。研究这些复杂的系统需要：考虑整体和相互关联的系统;清晰的可视化和分析;与广泛的利益相关者，包括公共，私营，第三部门以及学术界和普通公众进行有效的参与和“共同制作”。应用领域：我们的目标是改变城市规划和发展系统，使健康和健康不平等得到重视，并纳入核心决策的每一个主要根源。我们将与城市的城市发展决策者一起制定联合当局和国家一级的干预措施和方法，以重新调整系统，使公共和私营部门的运作更加健康。干预措施有三个组成部分：健康影响的证据，包括经济估值;变革的机会;社区领导的创造性艺术媒体传播健康不平等。我们将确定引入干预的最佳杠杆点。我们预计证据和相关工具的应用范围。它们将以多种方式提供可衡量的健康影响证据，包括：地方和国家规划政策;地方发展管理和规划许可;基础设施和其他投资决策的成本效益分析;以及调整公司治理以实现长期健康成果的政策或法律的机制。例如，我们将努力影响城市规划对健康影响的证据，并将其引入住房和经济用地可用性评估，该评估决定了哪些土地将被开发。受益人：这种全系统方法的受益者包括：a）决策者，通过提高他们提供的服务的质量（例如，地方政府将通过证明社会效益而在政治上受益;进步的投资者和开发商通过区分他们的“产品”而在商业上受益）; B）从中长期来看，城市和农村人口应受到城市环境改善的积极影响（例如，减少空气污染，更好的质量绿色基础设施，改善物质环境）;以及c）由于NHS的健康负担减少和生产力水平提高，纳税人和中央政府长期受益。

项目成果

How value is enacted by public actors within urban development funding and the implications for levelling up in England

公共行为者如何在城市发展资金中创造价值以及对英格兰升级的影响

• DOI: 10.1177/26349825231155880
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Environment and Planning F
• 作者: Barnfield A

Comparing Societal Impact Planning and Evaluation Approaches across Four Urban Living Labs (in Food-Energy-Water Systems)

比较四个城市生活实验室（食品-能源-水系统）的社会影响规划和评估方法

• DOI: 10.3390/su15065387
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Sustainability
• 影响因子: 3.9
• 作者: Black, Daniel;Charlesworth, Susanne;Dal Poz, Maria Ester;Francisco, Erika Cristina;Paytan, Adina;Roderick, Ian;von Wirth, Timo;Winter, Kevin
• 通讯作者: Winter, Kevin

What types of health evidence persuade policy actors in a complex system?

哪些类型的健康证据可以说服复杂系统中的政策参与者？

• DOI: 10.1332/030557321x16814103714008
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Policy & Politics
• 影响因子: 4.7
• 作者: Bates G

Operationalising a large research programme tackling complex urban and planetary health problems: a case study approach to critical reflection

实施解决复杂城市和地球健康问题的大型研究计划：批判性反思的案例研究方法

• DOI: 10.1007/s11625-023-01344-x
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Sustainability Science
• 影响因子: 6
• 作者: Black D

Pandemics, vulnerability, and prevention: time to fundamentally reassess how we value and communicate risk?: CITIES, HEALTH and COVID-19: Initial reflections and future challenges.

• DOI: 10.1080/23748834.2020.1811480
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Cities & health