Human neurocognitive development: Early-stage processing, modifiers, and outcomes

人类神经认知发展：早期处理、修饰和结果

• 批准号: MR/T003057/1
• 负责人: Mark Johnson
• 金额: $ 288.99万
• 依托单位: University of Cambridge
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2019 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=MR%2FT003057%2F1
• 关键词: Human; neurocognitive; development; Early; stage

Developmental disorders such as Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are rarely diagnosed before age 3. Understanding the emergence of these disorders during the first years is critical to improving early identification and treatment options. We aim to understand how brain development over the first years of life relates to both typical and atypical developmental outcomes. To do this, we will conduct two large projects. First, we will follow infants who are more likely to develop common conditions like autism and ADHD from five months to toddlerhood (Part A). Second, we will study typically developing babies from pregnancy to early infancy (Part B). Both parts of our programme aim to: (1) find markers of how babies process sounds, sights and touch (sensory processing); (2) understand later-emerging skills like social motivation or self-regulation that can help babies compensate for any early difficulties in sensory processing; (3) understand how these factors might shape and predict later behavioural difficulties, like problems with social communication or attention and activity level.In Part A we build on our long experience in working with infants with a family member with ASD, who have a 1/5 chance of going on to a diagnosis themselves. We will further expand our work to infants with a family member with ADHD, who have a similarly heightened likelihood of receiving an ADHD diagnosis. We will also work with a new group of infants diagnosed with Neurofibromatosis 1, a genetic condition that frequently leads to a later ASD or ADHD diagnosis. We will compare the development of brain and cognitive functions in these groups to other babies who do not have a family history of a developmental disorder. All these groups of babies will take part in our study where we follow babies over five visits to our laboratory over the first three years of life. We study brain development using a variety of baby-friendly methods such as Near InfraRed Spectroscopy (NIRS - a type of light imaging), electroencephalography (EEG), eye-tracking, and parent-infant interaction. We have chosen to compare infant routes to autism and ADHD risk for several reasons. One of these is to determine how specific the early warning signs are for particular later outcomes. Another reason is that we know that these conditions quite commonly co-occur in the same children. We also work with international partners to join together to ask important questions about early signs and interventions for autism and ADHD.Birth is the single most dramatic change in environment that a brain experiences in its lifetime, yet its consequences for emerging functions remain surprisingly unknown. In Part B we will conduct a basic science study of typical development from pregnancy to age 5 months. We will look at whether individual differences in how foetuses respond to lights and sounds measured with ultrasound are maintained after birth. Further, we will ask whether or not there are dramatic changes in brain function that happen over the first weeks post-birth. Finally, we will study how infant's experiences interacting with other people in early infancy influences their brain development. Taken together, this project will provide deep insights into a vital period of human development.

自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）和注意力缺陷/多动障碍（ADHD）等发育障碍在3岁之前很少被诊断出来。了解这些疾病在最初几年的出现对于改善早期识别和治疗方案至关重要。我们的目标是了解生命最初几年的大脑发育与典型和非典型发育结果的关系。为此，我们将开展两个大型项目。首先，我们将跟踪从五个月到蹒跚学步的婴儿，他们更容易患上自闭症和多动症等常见疾病（A部分）。其次，我们将研究从怀孕到婴儿早期的典型发育婴儿（B部分）。我们的计划的两个部分旨在：（1）找到婴儿如何处理声音，视觉和触觉的标记（2）了解后来出现的技能，如社会动机或自我调节，可以帮助婴儿弥补任何早期的感觉处理困难;（3）了解这些因素如何影响和预测以后的行为困难，比如社会沟通或注意力和活动水平的问题。在A部分，我们建立在我们长期与有ASD家庭成员的婴儿一起工作的经验上，他们自己有1/5的机会继续诊断。我们将进一步扩大我们的工作，以婴儿与家庭成员患有多动症，谁有类似的可能性增加接受ADHD诊断。我们还将研究一组新的被诊断患有神经纤维瘤病1的婴儿，这是一种经常导致后来ASD或ADHD诊断的遗传性疾病。我们将比较这些婴儿与其他没有发育障碍家族史的婴儿的大脑和认知功能的发育。所有这些婴儿群体都将参与我们的研究，我们在婴儿出生后的前三年内对他们进行了五次以上的实验室随访。我们使用各种婴儿友好的方法来研究大脑发育，例如近红外光谱（NIRS -一种光成像），脑电图（EEG），眼动追踪和父母-婴儿互动。我们选择比较婴儿路线自闭症和多动症的风险有几个原因。其中之一是确定早期预警信号对特定的后期结果有多具体。另一个原因是，我们知道这些情况通常同时发生在同一个孩子身上。我们还与国际合作伙伴合作，共同提出有关自闭症和多动症早期症状和干预措施的重要问题。出生是大脑一生中经历的最戏剧性的环境变化，但其对新兴功能的影响仍然令人惊讶地未知。在B部分，我们将对从怀孕到5个月大的典型发育进行基础科学研究。我们将研究胎儿对超声波测量的光线和声音的反应是否存在个体差异。此外，我们还将探讨在出生后的头几周内，大脑功能是否发生了巨大的变化。最后，我们将研究婴儿早期与他人互动的经验如何影响他们的大脑发育。总的来说，这个项目将为人类发展的重要时期提供深刻的见解。

项目成果

COVID-19 in the context of pregnancy, infancy and parenting (CoCoPIP) study: protocol for a longitudinal study of parental mental health, social interactions, physical growth and cognitive development of infants during the pandemic.

• DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-053800
• 发表时间: 2022-06-06
• 期刊: BMJ OPEN
• 影响因子: 2.9
• 作者: Aydin, Ezra;Weiss, Staci M.;Glasgow, Kevin A.;Barlow, Jane;Austin, Topun;Johnson, Mark H.;Lloyd-Fox, Sarah
• 通讯作者: Lloyd-Fox, Sarah

Giving birth in a pandemic: women's birth experiences in England during COVID-19.

• DOI: 10.1186/s12884-022-04637-8
• 发表时间: 2022-04-10
• 期刊: BMC pregnancy and childbirth
• 影响因子: 3.1
• 作者: Aydin E;Glasgow KA;Weiss SM;Khan Z;Austin T;Johnson MH;Barlow J;Lloyd-Fox S
• 通讯作者: Lloyd-Fox S