The Development of Social, Attention, and Perception Abilities in Typical and At-risk Infants

典型婴儿和高危婴儿的社交、注意力和感知能力的发展

• 批准号: MR/K021389/1
• 负责人: Mark Johnson
• 金额: $ 273.41万
• 依托单位: Birkbeck, University of London
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2014 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=MR%2FK021389%2F1
• 关键词: Development; Social; Attention; Perception; Abilities

Diagnosis of developmental disorders such as autism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) rarely occurs prior to 3 years. Thus, there is very little known about the emergence of these disorders during infancy. It is important to identify the earliest symptoms of these conditions for three reasons: (1) as it allows us to see symptoms in their original "pure" form before a child's difficulties becomes compounded by years of atypical development, (2) it enables us to discover early risk signs suggesting the infant's development needs close monitoring, and (3) it allows us to potentially intervene in the course of development before the onset of the full syndrome - a strategy that some believe may be more effective than waiting until a disorder is fully established. This grant addresses these issues in three parts.In the first Part (A) we will expand on our current studies of infants at-risk for a later diagnosis of autism to also include infants at-risk for ADHD (by virtue of being the younger brother or sister of an older child already diagnosed with ADHD). We will compare the development of brain and cognitive functions in typical (low-risk) infants, and those at-risk for autism and ADHD, using a variety of baby-friendly methods such as MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) while in natural sleep, EEG (electroencephalography), eye-tracking, and parent-infant interaction. We have chosen to compare autism and ADHD risk for several reasons. One of these is to determine how specific the early warning signs are for particular later outcomes. Another reason is that we know that there is some shared genetic risk between these disorders, and that they quite commonly co-occur in the same children. Part A is embedded within national and international collaborative networks in order to increase the number of babies studied on some key measures, and correspondingly increase our ability to detect effects.While in Part A we search for the earliest appearing markers and symptoms, in Part B we will initiate work on potential early interventions. Specifically, we will build on our recent study on improving attention skills in typical (low-risk) infants by engaging them in eye-tracker controlled "games" in which they track moving objects on a screen. We will extend this work in several ways to make the training programme more suitable as a potential intervention for infants at-risk for ADHD, e.g. by greatly extending the period of training, and by taking advantage of new technology to allow for some training sessions to take place in the infant's home.In Part C we plan a new line of basic research that can also be extended to infants at-risk in the future. While we know much about the early development of vision and auditory processing, very little research has been done on the sense of touch. Touch is important to study for many reasons, including that it is a primary mode of sensory interaction with parents. We will use several imaging methods to learn about the development of brain regions important for basic aspects of touch, social touch, and the infants emerging multi-sensory perception of its own body.

自闭症和注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）等发育障碍的诊断很少发生在3岁之前。因此，很少有人知道这些疾病的出现在婴儿期。识别这些疾病的最早症状很重要，原因有三：（1）因为它使我们能够在儿童的困难因多年的非典型发育而变得复杂之前看到最初的“纯粹”形式的症状，（2）它使我们能够发现早期风险迹象，表明婴儿的发育需要密切监测，以及（3）它使我们能够在全面综合症发作之前潜在地干预发展过程--有些人认为这一策略可能比等到疾病完全建立起来更有效。这项资助分三部分解决这些问题。在第一部分（A）中，我们将扩大我们目前对有自闭症风险的婴儿的研究，以包括有ADHD风险的婴儿（由于是已被诊断患有ADHD的较大儿童的弟弟或妹妹）。我们将比较典型（低风险）婴儿的大脑和认知功能的发展，以及那些有自闭症和ADHD风险的婴儿，使用各种婴儿友好的方法，如自然睡眠时的MRI（磁共振成像），EEG（脑电图），眼动追踪和父母-婴儿互动。我们选择比较自闭症和多动症的风险有几个原因。其中之一是确定早期预警信号对特定的后期结果有多具体。另一个原因是，我们知道这些疾病之间存在一些共同的遗传风险，而且它们通常共同发生在同一个孩子身上。A部分是在国家和国际合作网络中嵌入的，以增加在一些关键措施上研究的婴儿数量，并相应地提高我们检测效果的能力。在A部分，我们寻找最早出现的标志物和症状，在B部分，我们将启动潜在的早期干预工作。具体来说，我们将建立在我们最近的研究，通过让他们参与眼动仪控制的“游戏”来提高典型（低风险）婴儿的注意力技能，在这些游戏中，他们跟踪屏幕上移动的物体。我们将通过几种方式扩展这项工作，使训练计划更适合作为ADHD风险婴儿的潜在干预措施，例如，通过大大延长训练时间，并利用新技术允许在婴儿家中进行一些训练课程。在C部分，我们计划进行一系列新的基础研究，这些研究也可以在未来扩展到有风险的婴儿。虽然我们对视觉和听觉处理的早期发展了解很多，但对触觉的研究却很少。触摸是重要的研究有很多原因，包括它是与父母的感官互动的主要模式。我们将使用几种成像方法来了解大脑区域的发展，这些区域对触觉、社会触觉和婴儿对自己身体的多感官感知的基本方面很重要。

项目成果

Heart rate mean and variability as a biomarker for phenotypic variation in preschoolers with autism spectrum disorder.

• DOI: 10.1002/aur.1982
• 发表时间: 2019-01
• 期刊: Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research
• 作者: Bazelmans T;Jones EJH;Ghods S;Corrigan S;Toth K;Charman T;Webb SJ
• 通讯作者: Webb SJ

Applying gaze-contingent training within community settings to infants from diverse SES backgrounds

• DOI: 10.1016/j.appdev.2015.12.005
• 发表时间: 2016-03-01
• 期刊: JOURNAL OF APPLIED DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY
• 影响因子: 3
• 作者: Ballieux, Haiko;Wass, Sam V.;Moore, Derek G.
• 通讯作者: Moore, Derek G.

Additive effects of social and non-social attention during infancy relate to later autism spectrum disorder.

• DOI: 10.1111/desc.12139
• 发表时间: 2014-07
• 期刊: Developmental science
• 影响因子: 3.7
• 作者: Bedford R;Pickles A;Gliga T;Elsabbagh M;Charman T;Johnson MH;BASIS Team
• 通讯作者: BASIS Team

Early Motor Differences in Infants at Elevated Likelihood of Autism Spectrum Disorder and/or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.

• DOI: 10.1007/s10803-020-04489-1
• 发表时间: 2020-12
• 期刊: Journal of autism and developmental disorders
• 影响因子: 3.9
• 作者: Begum Ali J;Charman T;Johnson MH;Jones EJH;and the BASIS/STAARS Team
• 通讯作者: and the BASIS/STAARS Team

Feasibility of Undertaking Off-Site Infant Eye-Tracking Assessments of Neuro-Cognitive Functioning in Early-Intervention Centres.

• DOI: 10.1002/icd.1914
• 发表时间: 2016-01-01
• 期刊: Infant and child development
• 影响因子: 2.2
• 作者: Ballieux H;Tomalski P;Kushnerneko E;Johnson MH;Karmiloff-Smith A;Moore DG
• 通讯作者: Moore DG