Integrated analysis of pollen recognition and double fertilization mechanisms

花粉识别与双受精机制综合分析

• 批准号: 1353798
• 负责人: Mark Johnson
• 金额: $ 66.97万
• 依托单位: Brown University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-09-01 至 2018-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1353798&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Integrated; analysis; pollen; recognition; double

Fertilization and seed production in flowering plants relies on the delivery of two sperm to female gametes by a pollen tube. The success of the long and rapid journey of the pollen tube relies on constant signaling between the pollen tube cell and the cells of the pistil. Pollen tubes must find specific cellular targets, they must burst when they arrive at the target, and their sperm must fuse with female gametes. These events are all essential for seed production, which is central to agricultural production and food security. Our goal is to understand the molecules that mediate exchanges between pollen and pistil. Cellular interactions between pollen and pistil are mediated by extracellular signaling exchanges occurring in a complex environment where multiple pollen tubes are competing for a limited number of ovules. Ovules are the structures where female gametes develop and that mature into seeds (e.g. rice grains and corn kernels) only after successful fertilization by a pollen tube. The United States will be better able to contribute to scientific progress when our scientists represent the full diversity of our nation. This project will provide cutting edge training in biological imaging, genetics and genomics for early-stage students from groups that have not traditionally been represented in US science. These students will join a team of graduate students and a post-doctoral researcher who will also receive training through this project.This project will use unique molecular tools to define: 1) Pollen components of the signaling system that results in cessation of tube growth and sperm release in the ovule, 2) Novel components of the mechanisms required for gamete fusion, and 3) How gamete fusion triggers a mechanism that prevents multiple pollen tubes from entering a single ovule.This project will take an integrated approach to the study of fertilization in flowering plants. The molecules that must be displayed by the pollen tube for recognition by the female will be discovered. The project will also define novel components of the gamete fusion mechanism and test hypotheses aimed at understanding how gamete fusion blocks attraction of subsequent pollen tubes. The project takes advantage of unique expertise in imaging, genetics, and genomics to understand how pollen-pistil interactions are integrated to maximize seed production. Defining the molecular exchanges between pollen and pistil that maximize reproductive success will transform our ability to generate new crop varieties with resilient pollination systems.

开花植物中的受精和种子产生依赖于通过花粉管将两个精子传递给女配子。花粉管的漫长而快速旅程的成功取决于花粉管细胞和雌蕊细胞之间的恒定信号传导。花粉管必须找到特定的细胞靶标，它们到达目标时必须破裂，并且精子必须与女配子融合。这些事件对于种子生产至关重要，这对于农业生产和粮食安全至关重要。我们的目标是了解介导花粉和雌蕊之间交换的分子。花粉和雌蕊之间的细胞相互作用是由在多个花粉管竞争有限数量的胚珠竞争的复杂环境中发生的细胞外信号传输介导的。胚珠是雌性配子发展的结构，仅在通过花粉管成功受精后才能成熟成种子（例如水稻粒和玉米粒）。当我们的科学家代表我们国家的全部多样性时，美国将更好地为科学进步做出贡献。 该项目将为来自传统上在美国科学中没有代表的群体的早期学生提供生物成像，遗传学和基因组学的尖端培训。这些学生将加入一个研究生和博士后研究人员团队，他们还将通过该项目接受培训。该项目将使用独特的分子工具来定义：1）信号系统的花粉成分，从而导致管道增长和精子释放，并在卵子中释放，2）从机构中进行机制的新型机构，并构成了融合的机制。进入单个胚珠。该项目将采取综合方法来研究开花植物的施肥。将发现花粉管必须显示雌性识别的分子。该项目还将定义配子融合机制的新成分，并测试旨在理解配子融合如何阻止随后花粉管吸引力的假设。该项目在成像，遗传学和基因组学方面利用了独特的专业知识来了解如何整合花粉 - - 杆子相互作用以最大化种子生产。最大化生殖成功的花粉和雌蕊之间的分子交换将改变我们使用弹性授粉系统产生新作物品种的能力。