Righting recidivism: unlocking the cognitive underpinnings of successful interventions to reduce reoffending

纠正累犯：释放成功干预措施的认知基础，以减少再犯罪

• 批准号: MR/T041099/1
• 负责人: Martha Newson
• 金额: $ 89.42万
• 依托单位: University of Kent
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Fellowship
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2020 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=MR%2FT041099%2F1
• 关键词: Righting; recidivism; unlocking; cognitive; underpinnings

Recidivism is one of the greatest socio-economic burdens the UK currently faces. At an estimated total cost of £18.1 billion a year, prison re-entry places a substantial burden on the national economy. This exacerbates reoffending's associated societal costs, including deviance, unstable communities and displacement. There is a 48% chance that an offender will go on to re-offend within a 12-month period, worsening the current prison overcrowding crisis, which is associated with severe mental health issues and a spread in infectious diseases. Re-offending rates are currently stable in the UK, providing an ideal time to conduct research into reducing them and the burden they place on the economy and wider civil society.We already know that powerful group identities lead people to enact extraordinary behaviours for their groups - from hardcore football fans travelling the globe for a game to gang members committing atrocities against their rivals. Can this problem be turned on its head to provide a solution? Can group passion be harnessed for the social good? More specifically, how can we foster positive social identities that are powerful enough to re-write offenders' self-narratives? I will apply the theoretical framework of 'identity fusion' - an intense, lasting form of social bonding - to prison populations. For the first time, this research integrates literatures on fusion to sports identities (as a catalyst for reform), shared experiences, women's roles in offending communities as well as men's, and approaches to intervention implementation.The proposed seven-year research project crosses disciplines and methodologies, and has secured support from major non-academic partners to address these questions, including the MoJ, HMPPS and the Twinning Project - a nationwide intervention that pairs major football clubs with prisons and gives football-industry training and sustainable social identities to prisoners. Primarily informed by anthropology, psychology and criminology, the project will create novel tools using cross-cultural practices, which can be applied nationwide to affect positive, viable societal change. This research is further supported by two postdoctoral researchers, a core team of carefully selected mentors, and five additional UK and international collaborators.Crucially, I focus on women within this framework - as pivotal actors within both the justice system and the communities that receive ex-offenders - though they are much neglected in both the literatures on identity fusion and re-offending. Despite representing just 5% of offenders, women account for a disproportionately high cost to the criminal justice system: policing females alone is estimated at £1bn a year. Nonetheless, they are also a particularly vulnerable population: 60% will have experienced domestic violence, around 25% have dependent children, and many of them self-harm (five times as many as men).As a recognised expert on social bonding and violence among football fans, I will draw upon my theoretical and applied knowledge to analyse existing interventions, design a toolkit for future interventions, and implement the researched practices in particularly vulnerable and critical populations (e.g. female and young offenders). This project will afford me recognition as a world leader in my field and help to grow a team of inter-disciplinary researchers, united by a passion to tackle reoffending.

累犯是英国目前面临的最大社会经济负担之一。据估计，重返监狱每年的总成本为 181 亿英镑，给国民经济带来了沉重负担。这加剧了重新犯罪的相关社会成本，包括越轨行为、不稳定的社区和流离失所。罪犯有 48% 的机会在 12 个月内再次犯罪，从而加剧当前监狱人满为患的危机，这种危机与严重的心理健康问题和传染病的传播有关。目前英国的再犯罪率保持稳定，这为开展研究降低再犯罪率以及减少再犯罪给经济和更广泛的公民社会造成的负担提供了理想的时机。我们已经知道，强大的群体身份会导致人们为自己的群体做出非同寻常的行为——从铁杆球迷到世界各地观看比赛到帮派成员对对手实施暴行。能否彻底扭转这个问题并提供解决方案？能否利用群体热情造福社会？更具体地说，我们如何才能培养积极的社会身份，使其强大到足以重写罪犯的自我叙述？我将把“身份融合”——一种强烈、持久的社会联系形式——的理论框架应用于监狱人口。这项研究首次整合了有关体育身份融合（作为改革的催化剂）、共享经验、女性和男性在犯罪社区中的角色以及干预实施方法的文献。拟议的为期七年的研究项目跨越学科和方法论，并获得了主要非学术合作伙伴的支持来解决这些问题，包括司法部、HMPPS 和结对项目（一项全国性的干预措施，将结对项目与体育运动结对） 设有监狱的主要足球俱乐部，并为囚犯提供足球产业培训和可持续的社会身份。该项目主要以人类学、心理学和犯罪学为基础，将利用跨文化实践创建新颖的工具，这些工具可以在全国范围内应用，以影响积极、可行的社会变革。这项研究得到了两名博士后研究人员、一个由精心挑选的导师组成的核心团队以及另外五名英国和国际合作者的进一步支持。至关重要的是，我在这个框架内关注女性——作为司法系统和接收刑满释放人员的社区中的关键参与者——尽管她们在身份融合和再犯罪的文献中都被严重忽视。尽管女性仅占犯罪者的 5%，但其给刑事司法系统带来的成本却异常高：仅女性治安一年就估计花费 10 亿英镑。尽管如此，他们也是一个特别脆弱的人群：60％的人经历过家庭暴力，大约25％的人有受抚养的子女，其中许多人有自残行为（是男性的五倍）。作为足球迷中社会联系和暴力方面公认的专家，我将利用我的理论和应用知识来分析现有的干预措施，设计未来干预措施的工具包，并在特别脆弱和关键的人群（例如女性和青少年）中实施研究的实践 违法者）。这个项目将使我成为我所在领域的世界领导者，并帮助培养一支跨学科研究人员团队，他们对解决再犯罪问题充满热情。

项目成果

High and highly bonded: Fused football fans who use cocaine are most likely to be aggressive toward rivals.

• DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2021.103263
• 发表时间: 2021-07
• 期刊: The International journal on drug policy
• 作者: Newson M

United in defeat: shared suffering and group bonding among football fans

• DOI: 10.1080/23750472.2020.1866650
• 发表时间: 2021-01-16
• 期刊: MANAGING SPORT AND LEISURE
• 影响因子: 3.6
• 作者: Newson, Martha;Buhrmester, Michael;Whitehouse, Harvey
• 通讯作者: Whitehouse, Harvey

Being in a crowd bonds people via physiological synchrony.

• DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04548-2
• 发表时间: 2022-01-12
• 期刊: Scientific reports
• 影响因子: 4.6
• 作者: Baranowski-Pinto G;Profeta VLS;Newson M;Whitehouse H;Xygalatas D
• 通讯作者: Xygalatas D

Future orientation is associated with less lockdown rule breaking, even during large illegal gatherings

即使在大型非法集会期间，未来的方向也将减少违反封锁规则的情况

• DOI: 10.1016/j.futures.2021.102883
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Futures
• 影响因子: 3
• 作者: Newson M

Does loving a group mean hating its rivals? Exploring the relationship between ingroup cohesion and outgroup hostility among soccer fans

爱一个团体就意味着憎恨它的竞争对手吗？

• DOI: 10.1080/1612197x.2022.2084140
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology
• 影响因子: 3.3
• 作者: Newson M