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Hearing in a social context: Understanding predictive mechanisms in communicative interaction

社会背景下的听力：理解交流互动中的预测机制

基本信息

批准号：
MR/T041471/1
负责人：
Lauren Hadley
金额：
$ 151.76万
依托单位：
University of Nottingham
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Fellowship
财政年份：
2021
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2021 至无数据
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=MR%2FT041471%2F1
关键词：
Hearing social context Understanding predictive

项目摘要

Conversation is fundamental for developing social attachments, and if the ability to converse with others breaks down, it can be devastating. Not only does conversation with others improve psychological wellbeing, it also buffers people against the ill-effects of stress and other health issues. People with hearing impairment report social isolation and loneliness as one of its most disabling outcomes, yet we know very little about how to support conversation for people that struggle. To date, the majority of research examining speaking and listening behaviour has tested individuals in isolation, using experimental methods that do not require them to actually engage with someone else. But it is only by investigating speaking and listening in a social context that we can address the cognitive processes specific to conversation. To interact smoothly, people must make mental predictions about each other's contributions. Conversations would be much less fluent if people waited for the person they were talking to to finish before they began preparing their response. Yet people with hearing impairment show reduced use of prediction during speech listening, even though they could particularly benefit from such help given their poor auditory input.The objective of this project is therefore to understand how we make predictions during interaction, in order to identify ways of making conversation easier for people with hearing impairment. Combined behavioural and neuroscientific experiments will explore how people make predictions during interaction at both the mental level and the brain level, and I will draw this work together to generate a model of prediction in interaction. The way that predictions differ with hearing impairment will also be explored: do people with hearing impairment make predictions too late to be useful, are they less confident in their predictions, or are their predictions simply inaccurate? Following training with a hearing device manufacturer, subsequent work will identify how the findings could be implemented in hearing technology to support people with hearing impairment have conversations successfully. This work could transform the state-of-the-art in hearing devices, and therefore has the potential to benefit the psychological wellbeing of millions.

谈话是发展社会依恋的基础，如果与他人匡威的能力崩溃，这可能是毁灭性的。与他人交谈不仅可以改善心理健康，还可以缓冲人们对压力和其他健康问题的不良影响。听力障碍患者报告说，社交孤立和孤独是其最严重的后果之一，但我们对如何支持那些挣扎的人进行对话知之甚少。迄今为止，大多数研究口语和听力行为的研究都是孤立地测试个体，使用的实验方法不需要他们实际与其他人接触。但是，只有在社会背景下研究口语和听力，我们才能解决特定于会话的认知过程。为了顺利地互动，人们必须对彼此的贡献做出心理预测。如果人们等到对方说完之后才开始准备回答，那么谈话就不那么流畅了。然而，听力障碍者在听语音时却很少使用预测，尽管他们在听语音时的听觉输入很差，因此可以从预测中获益。因此，本项目的目的是了解我们在互动过程中是如何进行预测的，从而找出使听力障碍者的对话更容易的方法。结合行为和神经科学实验将探索人们如何在心理层面和大脑层面的互动中做出预测，我将把这些工作结合起来，生成一个互动预测模型。预测与听力障碍不同的方式也将被探讨：听力障碍的人是否做出预测太晚而没有用，他们对自己的预测不太自信，或者他们的预测只是不准确？在与听力设备制造商进行培训后，后续工作将确定如何在听力技术中实施这些发现，以支持听力障碍人士成功进行对话。这项工作可以改变听力设备的最新技术，因此有可能造福数百万人的心理健康。