Use of sentiment analysis in SMS and social media to understand HIV prevention needs among young women in Kenya

利用短信和社交媒体中的情绪分析来了解肯尼亚年轻女性的艾滋病毒预防需求

• 批准号: 10761910
• 负责人: Jessica Elizabeth Haberer
• 金额: $ 39.51万
• 依托单位: MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-07-21 至 2025-07-20
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10761910
• 关键词: AIDS prevention; Affective; Africa; Africa South of the Sahara; Age; Assessment tool; Awareness; Behavior; Bioethics Consultants; Clinic; Clinical; Computational Linguistics; Data; Data Analyses; Data Collection; Data Science; Ensure; Epidemic; Ethical Issues; Ethics; Focus Groups; Funding; Future; HIV; HIV Infections; HIV risk; Health Services; Human; Human immunodeficiency virus test; Incidence; Individual; Instagram; Intervention; Interview; Kenya; Knowledge; Label; Language; Linguistics; Maps; Modeling; Monitor; Natural Language Processing; Needs Assessment; Oral; Outcome; Participant; Pathway Analysis; Persons; Pilot Projects; Population; Probability; Procedures; Process; Recording of previous events; Reproductive Health Services; Resources; Risk; Risk Assessment; Sexual Health; Sexual Partners; Site; Social Network; Surveys; Techniques; Test Result; Testing; Text; Text Messaging; Time; Twitter; Visit; Woman; Youth; clinical care; clinical research site; coronavirus disease; follow-up; implementation context; implementation strategy; implementation tool; insight; interest; novel; novel strategies; peer; pre-exposure prophylaxis; primary outcome; routine care; smartphone application; social media; substance use; tool; transmission process; young adult; young woman

Project Summary. The impact of effective HIV prevention tools depends on their use by people when they are at risk for HIV; however, many individuals are uncertain about their HIV prevention needs. Currently used risk scores and criteria (e.g., the VOICE HIV risk score for young women in sub-Saharan Africa) have been developed and validated in various populations, only to perform poorly when implemented more broadly. Novel approaches to assessment of HIV prevention needs are needed. Sentiment analysis involves natural language processing, text analysis, and computational linguistics to systematically identify, extract, quantify, and study affective states and subjective information. This technique has been successfully applied to understand various types of human behavior but has not previously been applied to HIV risk in Africa. This R21 application proposes to develop a sentiment analysis tool to assess HIV prevention needs based on SMS and/or social media messages among young women in Kenya. Importantly, participants in the recently completed Monitoring PrEP Among Young Adult women (MPYA) trial in Kenya found providing WhatsApp messages for sentiment analysis to be acceptable, and preliminary data are promising for identification of HIV risk. Because a smart phone app can process SMS and/or social media data for sentiment analysis in 10 minutes, this type of tool has great potential for use in routine care. Key next step questions include the type and amount of social media data needed for optimal correlation with HIV status and the best means to ethically and practically integrate this tool in routine clinics. We hypothesize sentiment analysis will provide novel insights into HIV prevention needs that may ultimately be shown to predict HIV incidence. We propose the following aims: 1. Explore ethical factors that may influence sentiment analysis of SMS and/or social media messages through individual qualitative interviews with 32 young women (16 who would and 16 who would not provide SMS/social media data) and a focus group discussion among five Kenyan bioethicists. 2. Conduct topic modeling and network analysis of SMS and/or social media messages (e.g., WhatsApp, Instagram, Twitter) to predict HIV prevention needs among 400 young women (age 18-24) seeking HIV testing, PrEP, and other sexual and reproductive health services in Kisumu, Kenya. We will use automated structural topic modelling to determine “topics” (i.e., word clusters) and assess for association with other risk assessments (e.g., VOICE score) as the primary outcome and HIV test results as an exploratory outcome. Data collection and analysis will conform to Aim 1 findings. 3. Assess practical factors that may influence use of a sentiment analysis tool in routine care through a needs assessment with focus group discussions of 20 clinical staff and 10 young women from Aim 2. This study will yield an optimized sentiment analysis tool for assessing HIV prevention needs that is tailored for clinic implementation and ready for large-scale testing on HIV incidence in a future R01-funded trial.

项目摘要。有效的艾滋病毒预防工具的影响取决于人们在需要时使用这些工具的情况。 艾滋病毒的风险;然而，许多人不确定他们的艾滋病毒预防需求。目前使用的风险 分数和标准（例如，撒哈拉以南非洲青年妇女VOICE艾滋病毒风险评分）， 开发并在不同人群中验证，但在更广泛地实施时表现不佳。小说 需要评估艾滋病毒预防需求的方法。情感分析涉及自然语言 处理，文本分析和计算语言学，以系统地识别，提取，量化和研究 情感状态和主观信息。这项技术已成功地应用于了解各种 人类行为类型，但以前没有应用于非洲的艾滋病毒风险。R21应用 建议开发一个情感分析工具，以评估基于SMS和/或社交网络的艾滋病毒预防需求。 在肯尼亚的年轻妇女中传播媒体信息。重要的是，参加最近完成的监测 在肯尼亚的年轻成年女性（MPYA）试验中发现提供WhatsApp消息以表达情感 分析结果是可以接受的，初步数据有希望用于确定艾滋病毒风险。因为聪明的 手机应用程序可以在10分钟内处理短信和/或社交媒体数据进行情感分析，这种类型的工具 在日常护理中有很大的潜力。关键的下一步问题包括社会的类型和数量， 媒体数据需要与艾滋病毒状况的最佳相关性和最佳手段， 将此工具整合到常规诊所中。我们假设情感分析将为艾滋病毒提供新的见解 预防需求，最终可能被证明可以预测艾滋病毒的发病率。我们提出以下目标： 1.探索可能影响短信和/或社交媒体消息情感分析的道德因素 通过对32名年轻女性（16名愿意和16名不愿意）的个人定性访谈， 提供短信/社交媒体数据）和五名肯尼亚生物伦理学家之间的焦点小组讨论。 2.对SMS和/或社交媒体消息进行主题建模和网络分析（例如，WhatsApp， Instagram、Twitter），以预测400名寻求艾滋病毒感染的年轻女性（18-24岁）的艾滋病毒预防需求 在肯尼亚基苏穆提供检测、PrEP和其他性健康和生殖健康服务。我们将使用 自动结构化主题建模以确定“主题”（即，词集群），并评估 与其他风险评估的关联（例如，VOICE评分）作为主要结局和HIV检测 作为探索性成果。数据收集和分析将符合目标1的结果。 3.评估可能影响常规护理中使用情感分析工具的实际因素， 目标2的20名临床工作人员和10名年轻妇女进行了需求评估和焦点小组讨论。 这项研究将产生一个优化的情感分析工具，用于评估艾滋病毒预防需求， 临床实施，并准备在未来的R 01资助的试验中对艾滋病毒发病率进行大规模测试。